Buffer Capacity

Definition of Buffer Capacity

• Buffer Capacity (β): A quantitative measure of a buffer’s ability to resist pH changes.
• Mathematical Expression:

• $\beta = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta{pH}}$

• $\Delta \mathrm{pH}$
  = amount (in moles per liter) of strong acid or base added.
• $\Delta B$
  = change in pH resulting from the addition.

Factors Affecting Buffer Capacities

• Concentration of Buffer Components: Higher concentrations provide greater capacities.
• Ratio of Acid to Base: Maximum capacity occurs when
• Total Buffer Concentration: The sum of the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base.

Importance

• Stability: Ensures the pH remains within a narrow range during chemical reactions or storage.
• Biological Systems: Maintains physiological pH crucial for life processes.

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