Buffers

Definition of Buffers

They are temporary memory storage areas that hold data while it is being transferred between two locations or processes.

• Buffer Solution:

  • A system that minimizes changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

• Components:

  • Weak Acid and its Conjugate Base (e.g., acetic acid and sodium acetate).
  • Weak Base and its Conjugate Acid (e.g., ammonia and ammonium chloride).

Mechanism of Buffer Action

• Acidic Buffers:

• Addition of Acid (H⁺): The conjugate base (A⁻) reacts with H⁺ to form the weak acid (HA), minimizing pH change.

• ${A^- + H^+ -> HA}$

• Addition of Base (OH⁻): The weak acid (HA) donates H⁺ to form water and the conjugate base (A⁻).
• ${HA + OH^- -> A^- + H2O}$

Basic Buffers:

• Similar reactions occur with a weak base and its conjugate acid.

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