Intro, classification, chemical nature & role of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins.
Free energy, endergonic/exergonic reactions.
Free energy–enthalpy–entropy relation.
Redox potential.
Energy-rich compounds: ATP, cyclic AMP.
Glycolysis: pathway, energetics, significance.
Citric Acid Cycle: pathway, energetics, significance.
HMP shunt, G6PD deficiency.
Glycogen metabolism, GSD.
Gluconeogenesis: pathway, significance.
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose, diabetes mellitus.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) mechanism.
Oxidative & substrate phosphorylation.
Inhibitors/uncouplers.
β-oxidation (Palmitic acid).
Ketone bodies, ketoacidosis.
Fatty acid synthesis.
Cholesterol: significance, conversion to bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D.
Disorders: hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, obesity.
Transamination, deamination, decarboxylation.
Urea cycle, disorders.
Phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism, related disorders.
Biological amines: 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline.
Heme catabolism, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice.
Purine & pyrimidine biosynthesis.
Purine catabolism, hyperuricemia, gout.
Genome organization.
DNA/RNA structure & function.
DNA replication.
Transcription.
Genetic code.
Translation & inhibitors.
Intro, properties, nomenclature, IUB classification.
Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis plot, Lineweaver–Burke plot.
Enzyme inhibitors: types, examples.
Regulation: induction, repression, allosteric.
Applications: therapeutic, diagnostic, isoenzymes.
Coenzymes: structure, functions.
Coenzymes are small, organic molecules that bind to enzymes and are essential for their catalytic activity. Derived from vitamins, they…
Therapeutic Applications of Enzymes and Isoenzymes refer to the use of naturally occurring or engineered enzymes and their isoforms (isoenzymes)…
Regulation of enzymes through various mechanisms to ensure that biochemical reactions occur at the appropriate times and rates within a cell.…
Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that interact with enzymes to regulate their activities. They are vital for cellular control and pharmaceutical…
The Lineweaver-Burk plot, also known as the double-reciprocal plot, is a graphical representation used to determine important kinetic parameters of…
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. One of the most fundamental models in enzyme kinetics…
The nomenclature and IUBMB classification of enzymes refers to the systematic method used to name and categorize enzymes based on…
Enzymes Properties Definition Enzymes Properties: It is biological catalysts, typically proteins, that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in…
Oxidative phosphorylation is a key process in cellular respiration that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, producing most of the…
Enzymes Introduction Enzymes Introduction: It is biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They are typically proteins,…
This website uses cookies.