Application of Cell cultures are used in pharma for drug development, toxicity testing, vaccine production, and disease modeling, enabling safer,…
Growth of Animal cells in Culture involves growing animal cells outside their natural environment under controlled laboratory conditions. This process…
Evaluating of microbial stability of formulations is crucial to ensure that the product remains safe and effective throughout its shelf…
Preservation of Pharmaceutical Products Using Antimicrobial Agents, particularly those that are aqueous or semi-solid, are susceptible to microbial contamination, which…
Regular assessment of Microbial Contamination and Spoilage is essential to detect contamination early and take corrective actions. Microbial Limit Tests…
Types of microbial contaminants include a diverse range of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria in Types…
Factors Affecting Microbial Spoilage is influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic Factors Affecting Microbial Spoilage Water…
Sources of microbial contaminants include sewage, animal waste, agricultural runoff, and contaminated water supplies. 1. Raw Materials as a Sources…
Types of Spoilage in Pharmaceutical Products is spoilage in pharmaceuticals can be categorized into three main types: While all types…
Assessment of a New Antibiotic is assessing a new antibiotic involves several key steps to ensure its efficacy, safety, and…
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