Protein are large, complex biomolecules essential for the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. Composed of amino acid chains, their sequence determines their 3D structure and specific function. Proteins participate in metabolism, structural support, transport, signaling, and immune defense. Classification of Protein Proteins can be classified based on structure or function, reflecting … Read more
Amino acids are organic molecules that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They play essential roles in biological processes, acting as precursors for biomolecules and providing energy under certain conditions. Each amino acid consists of: Amino group (-NH₂) Carboxyl group (-COOH) Hydrogen atom (-H) Variable side chain (R group) that determines its properties and … Read more
Nucleic acids are large, complex biomolecules essential for storing genetic information, synthesizing proteins, and regulating gene expression. They are composed of nucleotides, which consist of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These molecules primarily contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Classification of Nucleic Acids Nucleic … Read more
Lipids are a broad and diverse group of hydrophobic (water-insoluble) organic compounds composed mainly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Some lipid may also contain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). They play essential roles in energy storage, membrane structure, signaling, and protection in living organisms. Classification of Lipids Lipids are categorized based on … Read more
Carbohydrate are vital organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. These molecules play a pivotal role as an essential nutrient and primary energy source for most living organisms, besides serving structural functions in some instances. Classification of Carbohydrate Carbohydrate are categorized based on their complexity into: Monosaccharides … Read more
Alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes or halogenoalkanes, are organic compounds containing one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to carbon atoms within an alkyl group. They are versatile compounds with various industrial, pharmaceutical, and laboratory applications. Types and Classification Alkyl halides can be classified based on two main criteria: the … Read more
Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living organisms, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. They sustain biological processes and can be classified into four major categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates in Biomolecules Structure: Composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 Includes … Read more
Amphetamine Definition Amphetamine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and nerves contributing to hyperactivity and impulse control. It is commonly used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, under brand names like Adderall and Dexedrine. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N Molecular Structure: Contains a benzene ring … Read more
Ethylenediamine Definition Ethylenediamine is a bifunctional amine consisting of two amino groups (-NH₂) attached to a two-carbon ethylene chain. It serves as a chelating agent, corrosion inhibitor, and precursor to many industrial chemicals, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₈N₂ Molecular Structure: Consists of a two-carbon chain with an amino group (-NH₂) attached … Read more
Ethanolamine Definition Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid used as a building block in the production of detergents, emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, and chemical intermediates. It acts as a weak base and is commonly found in cosmetic formulations, gas treatment, and corrosion inhibitors. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₇NO Molecular Structure: Consists of a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl … Read more
