Complexation and Protein Binding involve the reversible interaction of a drug with proteins or other molecules, forming complexes that affect the drug’s distribution, activity, and elimination.
Complexation Introduction
Complexation is a chemical process where molecules or ions combine to form a stable complex. It typically involves:
Central Metal Ion: Usually a metal (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn) that acts as an electron acceptor.
Ligands: Molecules or ions that donate electron pairs to the metal, forming coordinate covalent bonds. Ligands can be small ions (like Cl⁻) or larger molecules (e.g., ethylenediamine).
Complexation is key in coordination chemistry, influencing the structure and stability of complexes, which can vary from linear to complex geometries (e.g., octahedral).
It plays a significant role in processes like catalysis and metal ion transport in biological systems.
Protein Binding Introduction
Protein binding involves the interaction of drugs or molecules with proteins in biological systems, particularly in the bloodstream.
Plasma Proteins: Proteins like albumin bind to various molecules, affecting their availability.
Drug Impact: When bound to proteins, drugs are often inactive; only the unbound fraction is pharmacologically active.
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics: Protein binding influences a drug’s movement, duration, and elimination in the body, impacting its therapeutic effects.