Dentifrices

• Dentifrices are substances used with a toothbrush to clean and polish teeth.

Functions of Dentifrices:

• Remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains.
• Provide protection against tooth decay and gum diseases.

Forms of Dentifrices:

• Toothpaste: The most common form.
• Tooth powders and gels: Alternative forms that serve similar purposes.

Dental Caries

• Definition: Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, is a chronic disease resulting from the interaction of bacteria, carbohydrates, and tooth structure.
• Prevalence: One of the most common oral health issues globally, affecting individuals of all ages.

Process of Dental Caries

Bacterial Action:

• Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth metabolize dietary carbohydrates, particularly sugars.
• This metabolism produces acid as a by-product.

Demineralization:

• The acid dissolves minerals in the tooth enamel, leading to demineralization and small initial lesions.

Progression:

• If untreated, decay advances into the dentin layer beneath the enamel.
• Eventually, it may reach the pulp, causing toothache, inflammation, infection, and potential tooth loss.

Factors Contributing to Dental Caries

Oral Hygiene:

• Poor oral hygiene practices like irregular or improper brushing and flossing allow plaque accumulation, promoting bacterial growth and increasing decay risk.

Diet:

• Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods/beverages increases acid production, promoting tooth demineralization and decay.

Saliva:

• Saliva neutralizes acids and aids in remineralizing tooth enamel.
• Reduced salivary flow or changes in composition, due to medication, medical conditions, or aging, heighten the risk of dental caries.

Tooth Anatomy:

• Teeth with deep grooves, fissures, or irregular surfaces trap food particles and plaque more easily, making them more susceptible to decay.

Fluoride Exposure:

• Insufficient fluoride exposure, whether from drinking water, toothpaste, or dental treatments, leads to weaker enamel, making teeth more prone to decay.
• Proper oral hygiene, a balanced diet, adequate saliva flow, good tooth anatomy, and sufficient fluoride exposure are key factors in preventing dental caries.

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