Definition of Detergency
- Detergency is the process by which surfactants clean surfaces by removing dirt, oils, and other contaminants.
Mechanism
- Wetting: Surfactants lower surface tension, allowing cleaning solutions to spread.
- Emulsification: Oils and greases are emulsified and suspended.
- Dispersion: Particulate soils are dispersed and prevented from re-deposition.
Factors Influencing Detergency
- Surfactant Concentration: Must be above the CMC.
- Temperature: Higher temperatures often enhance cleaning.
- Mechanical Action: Agitation aids in soil removal.
- Water Hardness: Presence of calcium and magnesium ions can reduce effectiveness.
Applications
- Pharmaceutical Equipment Cleaning: Ensures removal of residues.
- Personal Care Products: Shampoos and soaps rely on detergencies.
- Laboratory Glassware: Critical for accurate experimental results.
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