Enzyme Induction and Inhibition

Enzyme induction and inhibition alter drug metabolism, affecting drug activity, duration, and interactions.

Enzyme Induction:

• Certain drugs increase the activity of CYP450 enzymes.
• Leads to faster metabolism of the drug and/or other drugs.
• Effect: Reduced plasma levels and therapeutic effect.

Examples of Enzyme Inducers:

• Rifampin
• Phenobarbital
• Carbamazepine
• Phenytoin

Enzyme Inhibition:

• Some drugs inhibit CYP450 enzymes.
• Leads to slower metabolism → increased drug levels → possible toxicity.

Examples of Enzyme Inhibitors:

• Cimetidine
• Ketoconazole
• Erythromycin
• Grapefruit juice

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