Pharmaceutical Analysis I

Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis

Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis involves precipitating Ba²⁺ as BaSO₄, filtering, drying, and weighing the insoluble precipitate to determine barium content.

Steps for Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis:

  • Sample Preparation:

    • Weigh the sample containing barium ions (Ba²⁺) and dissolve in distilled water or dilute HCl.
    • Filter the solution to remove insoluble impurities.
  • Precipitation:

    • Add sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) to the solution.
    • Barium ions react with sulfate ions to form barium sulfate precipitate:
    • Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s)
  • Digestion:

    • Let the precipitate settle, and optionally heat the solution to improve the precipitate’s purity and particle size.
  • Filtration:

    • Filter the precipitate using suitable filter paper or apparatus.
  • Washing and Drying:

    • Wash the precipitate with distilled water to remove contaminants.
    • Transfer the precipitate to a pre-weighed crucible and dry in an oven or desiccator.
  • Weighing:

    • Weigh the dried precipitate and subtract the weight of the empty crucible to obtain the mass of BaSO₄.
  • Calculation:

    • Calculate the percentage of barium using:
    • Ba = ((Mass of BaSO₄ × Molar mass of Ba) / (Weight of sample × Molar mass of BaSO₄)) × 100
    • This streamlined process ensures accurate determination of barium in the sample via gravimetric analysis.

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