Excipients Used in Tablet Formulation

• Excipients used in tablet formulation aid in tablet integrity, drug release, and patient compliance.
• Common excipients used in tablet formulation include binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, and coating agents.
• Excipients are inactive substances used to aid the manufacturing process and enhance the performance of the drug. They serve multiple function:

1. Diluent (Filler)

   • Increases bulk to produce an acceptable tablet size.
   • Examples: Lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate.

2. Binder

   • Promotes particle adhesion, ensuring tablet cohesion and integrity.
   • Examples: Starch paste, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hypromellose (HPMC).

3. Disintegrant

   • Facilitates tablet breakup or disintegration after administration for immediate release of drug.
   • Examples: Starch (corn, potato), sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium.

4. Lubricant

   • Reduces friction between tablet and die wall during compression and ejection.
   • Examples: Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc.

5. Glidant

   • Improves flow properties of powders or granules by reducing interparticle friction.
   • Examples: Colloidal silicon dioxide, talc.

6. Anti adherent

   • Prevents sticking of powder or granules to tablet punches.
   • Examples: Magnesium stearate, talc.

7. Colorants, Flavors, and Sweeteners

   • Enhance appearance and patient acceptance.

Ideal Properties of Excipients Used in Tablet Formulation:

• • Inert and Stable: Chemically non-reactive, physically and thermally stable.
  • Safe and Non-toxic: Suitable for human consumption.
  • Compatible: Should not interfere with drug activity or stability.
  • Effective Functionality: Performs intended role (binder, filler, etc.).
  • Economical and Easy to Process: Cost-effective and supports manufacturing.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Meets pharmacopoeia standards.
  • Biocompatible: Supports drug absorption without affecting bioavailability.
  • Aesthetic Enhancer: Improves appearance, taste, or texture if neededns:

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