• Filtration is a mechanical or physical process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing the mixture through a medium that allows only the fluid to pass while retaining the solid particles.
  • Here’s a detailed explanation of its various aspects:

Objectives of Filtration

  1. Clarification: To remove suspended solids from liquids or gases, making them clear.
  2. Concentration: To separate and collect solids from fluids, concentrating the solid particles.
  3. Purification: To remove impurities or contaminants from liquids or gases.
  4. Product Recovery: To recover valuable solid materials from liquid suspensions.
  5. Protection: To protect downstream equipment from damage or contamination by solid particles.

Applications of Filtration

  1. Water Treatment: Removing particulate matter, pathogens, and chemical contaminants from water.
  2. Food and Beverage Industry: Clarifying liquids such as wine, beer, and juices; removing impurities from cooking oils.
  3. Pharmaceuticals: Sterilizing solutions by removing bacteria and other microorganisms.
  4. Chemical Processing: Purifying chemical solutions and recovering catalysts.
  5. Environmental Engineering: Air filter to remove pollutants; wastewater treatment.
  6. Industrial Processes: Oil filter in machinery, filtration in mining operations, etc.

Mechanism

  • It is the process of separating solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium (filter) that allows the fluid to pass but retains the solid particles.
  • The main mechanisms include:
  • Surface Filtration: Particles are retained on the surface of the filter medium.
  • Depth Filtration: Particles are trapped within the filter medium.
  • Cake Filtration: A layer of filtered particles (filter cake) builds up on the filter medium, enhancing filtrating over time.

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