Horizontal Tube Evaporator

Principle of Horizontal Tube Evaporator:

• Uses steam to heat a liquid inside horizontal tubes, causing the solvent to evaporate and leaving a concentrated solution.

Construction of Horizontal Tube Evaporator:

1. Shell: A large cylindrical container housing the tubes.
2. Tubes: Horizontal tubes within the shell where the liquid to be evaporated flows.
3. Steam Chest: Surrounds the tubes, where steam is introduced.
4. Vapor Outlet: For removing the evaporated vapor.
5. Condensate Outlet: For removing condensed steam.

Working:

• The liquid to be concentrated is fed into the horizontal tubes.
• Steam is introduced into the shell, heating the liquid inside the tubes.
• The liquid evaporates, and the vapor is removed through the vapor outlet.
• The remaining concentrated liquid exits through a separate outlet.

Uses:

• Concentration of solutions in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
• Used in sugar mills for concentrating sugar solutions.

Merits:

• High heat transfer efficiency due to the large surface area.
• Suitable for large-scale continuous operations.
• Can handle high-viscosity liquids.

Demerits:

• Complex construction and maintenance.
• Potential for fouling inside the tubes.
• Requires careful control to prevent over-concentration and scaling.

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