Introduction to CNS

Introduction to CNS: The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord, controlling body functions, sensations, thoughts, and actions.

Introduction to CNS

• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which coordinate all body activities.
• Drugs acting on the CNS affect mood, behavior, sensory perception, consciousness, motor functions, and vital body functions.
• In pharmacology, CNS-active drugs are studied for their effects on neurotransmission, receptor interaction, modulation of neuronal excitability, and clinical utility in disorders like anxiety, depression, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, etc.

Classification of CNS-Acting Drugs

• Sedative-hypnotics (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
• Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs)
• Antipsychotics (e.g., typical and atypical antipsychotics)
• Antiepileptics (e.g., phenytoin, valproate)
• Analgesics (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs)
• Anesthetics (e.g., propofol, ketamine)
• Psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamines, methylphenidate)
• Cognitive enhancers (e.g., donepezil, memantine)
• Antiparkinsonian drugs (e.g., levodopa, dopamine agonists)

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