Lignocaine

Lignocaine (Lidocaine) is a widely used amide local anesthetic for infiltration, nerve blocks, and surface anesthesia.

Structure of Lignocaine

• Lignocaine, commonly known as Lidocaine, is an amide-type local anesthetic with a diethylaminoethyl side chain attached to a 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-imidazolidinone core.
• Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₁N₃O

Mode of Action

• Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx, preventing nerve impulse conduction.
• Membrane Stabilization: Enhances neuronal membrane stability, reducing excitability.

Uses

• Local Anesthesia: Widely used in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and topical applications.
• Cardiac Arrhythmias: Administered intravenously to manage ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
• Topical Preparations: Applied as creams, gels, and patches for localized pain relief.

Side Effects of Lignocaine

• Local Reactions: Redness, swelling, or irritation at the application site.
• Systemic Toxicity: CNS symptoms (dizziness, seizures) and cardiovascular disturbances (arrhythmias, hypotension) in high doses.

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