Mechanical method of sterilization

• Mechanical method of Sterilization involves physically removing microorganisms rather than killing them.
• It is typically a pre-step to sterilization processes.

1. Scrubbing and Washing as Mechanical method of sterilization

• Principle:

  • Uses mechanical action and detergents to physically remove microorganisms and organic matter, reducing microbial load.

• Procedure:

  1. Preparation: Wear PPE and use appropriate cleaning agents.
  2. Cleaning Process:
  3. Soaking: Soak items in warm, soapy water to loosen debris.
  4. Scrubbing: Manually scrub surfaces and crevices with brushes.
  5. Rinsing: Rinse thoroughly to remove all residues.
  6. Drying: Ensure items are dried to prevent further microbial growth.
  7. Disinfection (Optional): Immerse items in a chemical disinfectant if immediate sterilization is not possible.

• Merits:

  • Essential for removing debris that may shield microbes during sterilization.
  • Cost-effective with minimal equipment required.

• Demerits:

  • Labor-intensive and time-consuming.
  • Only reduces microbial load, not a complete sterilization method.

• Applications:

  • Pre-sterilization cleaning of surgical instruments.
  • General hygiene in healthcare and food preparation areas.

2. Ultrasonic Cleaning as Mechanical method of sterilization

• Principle:

  • High-frequency sound waves (20-40 kHz) create cavitation bubbles in a liquid, which dislodge particles and microorganisms from surfaces.

• Procedure:

  1. Preparation: Fill the tank with cleaning solution and degas it by running the machine empty.
  2. Loading: Submerge items in a tray, ensuring no contact between them or the tank bottom.
  3. Cleaning Cycle: Set temperature (40°C-60°C) and time (5-10 minutes) before starting the cycle.
  4. Post-Cleaning: Rinse and dry items thoroughly.

• Merits:

  • Reaches inaccessible areas and is gentle on delicate instruments.

• Demerits:

  • Not a sterilization method; further processing is needed.
  • Equipment investment required.

• Applications:

  • Cleaning of dental, surgical, and laboratory instruments.
  • Maintenance of precision mechanical and electronic parts.

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