Nutritional Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture

• Nutritional Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture ensure growth with essential minerals, vitamins & carbon source.
• Nutritional Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture need auxins & cytokinins for cell division, differentiation & morphogenesis.
• Plant tissue culture media must contain essential nutrients for cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis.

Macronutrients (Major Nutrients, Required in Large Quantities)

• Nitrogen (N) – Supplied as NH₄⁺ (ammonium) or NO₃⁻ (nitrate), essential for protein synthesis.
• Phosphorus (P) – Used in ATP, DNA, and RNA synthesis.
• Potassium (K) – Regulates osmotic balance and enzyme activation.
• Calcium (Ca) – Important for cell wall and membrane stability.
• Magnesium (Mg) – Essential for chlorophyll formation and enzyme activation.
• Sulfur (S) – Used in amino acids and coenzymes.

Micronutrients (Trace Elements, Required in Small Quantities)

• Iron (Fe) – Required for electron transport and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
• Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), and Cobalt (Co) – Act as enzyme cofactors.

Carbon and Energy Source

• Sucrose (2-4

Vitamins

• Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Nicotinic Acid (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), etc. – Act as coenzymes in metabolic pathways.

Growth Regulators

• Auxins (e.g., IAA, NAA, 2,4-D) – Promote root initiation and callus formation.
• Cytokinins (e.g., BAP, Kinetin, Zeatin) – Stimulate shoot formation.
• Gibberellins (e.g., GA₃) – Promote stem elongation.
• Abscisic Acid (ABA) – Induces dormancy and stress tolerance.

Solidifying Agent

• Agar or Gelrite is used in solid media to provide support to growing tissues.

Common Culture Media:

• Murashige and Skoog (MS) Medium – Most widely used.
• Gamborg’s B5 Medium – Used for protoplast culture.
• White’s Medium – Used for root culture.

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