Preparation of Ointments

• Ointments are semi-solid preparations used topically on the skin or mucous membranes to provide a protective, soothing, or therapeutic effect.

• They are typically composed of an oily or greasy base, which helps to retain moisture, and may contain active ingredients to treat various conditions or ailments.

• Ointments are widely used in dermatology, wound care, and other medical applications.

Preparation

• Ointments can be prepared using various methods, with the most common being fusion, levigation, and incorporation.

Preparation of Ointments

1) Fusion

• This involves melting the ingredients together, with the base being heated first, followed by the addition of other ingredients.

• Once the mixture is homogeneous, it is allowed to cool and solidify.

• This method is used for preparing ointments with components that need to be melted together.

2) Levigation

• This involves triturating (grinding) a solid ingredient into a fine powder and then mixing it with the ointment base.

• The fine powder ensures that the active ingredient is evenly distributed throughout the ointment.

Types

Ointments can be broadly classified into four main types, based on their base composition:

1. Oleaginous (oil-based) ointments

2. Absorption ointments

3. Water-removable (water-washable) ointments

4. Water-soluble ointments

Uses

Ointments have a wide range of uses, including:

1. Protection

2. Moisturization

3. Wound care

4. Pain relief

5. Antifungal and antiviral treatments