Prilocaine

Prilocaine is an amide local anesthetic commonly used in dental and infiltration anesthesia with lower toxicity risk.

Structure of Prilocaine

• Prilocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic with an isopropyl group attached to the diethylaminoethyl side chain, providing effective anesthetic properties with reduced toxicity.
• Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₈N₂O

Mode of Action

• Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx, preventing nerve impulse conduction.
• Membrane Stabilization: Enhances neuronal membrane stability, reducing excitability.

Uses

• Local Anesthesia: Employed in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and cosmetic applications.
• Topical Preparations: Applied to skin and mucous membranes for numbing before minor interventions.
• Infiltration Anesthesia: Injected to provide localized numbness during medical procedures.

Side Effects of Prilocaine

• Methemoglobinemia: Risk of oxidizing hemoglobin to methemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity.
• Local Irritation: Redness, swelling, or discomfort at the application site.
• Systemic Toxicity: CNS symptoms and cardiovascular disturbances in high doses.

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