Solvents

• Solvents play a crucial role in non-aqueous titrations, as they can influence the solubility of the analyte and titrant, the reaction kinetics, and the acid-base properties of the substances involved.
• The choice of solvent depends on the specific requirements of the titration and the nature of the analyte and titrant. Here are some common solvent used in non-aqueous titrations:

Types of Solvents used in non-aqueous titration

1. Protic solvents:

• Protic solvent is capable of donating hydrogen ions (H+) in the form of protons, and they can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
• Some common protic solvents used in non-aqueous titrations include:
  • Acetic acid
  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Glycerol

2. Aprotic solvents:

• Aprotic solvent does not have acidic hydrogen atoms and cannot donate protons.
• They are unable to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
• Some common aprotic solvent used in non-aqueous titrations include:
  • Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  • Acetonitrile
  • Dimethylformamide (DMF)

3. Polar solvent:

• Polar solvent has a significant difference in electronegativity between their constituent atoms, resulting in a dipole moment.
• Polar solvent can dissolve a wide range of polar and ionic compounds.
• Examples of polar solvents used in non-aqueous titrations include:
  • Acetic acid
  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  • Acetonitrile

4. Non-polar solvent:

• Non-polar solvent has a low or no dipole moment due to the equal sharing of electrons between their constituent atoms.
• These solvents are generally used in non-aqueous titrations for the analysis of non-polar compounds.
• Examples of non-polar solvent used in non-aqueous titrations include:
  • Toluene
  • Carbon tetrachloride

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