Classification of Local Anesthetics

Classification of Local Anesthetics is based on their chemical structure, mainly ester-linked and amide-linked agents, with differing duration and use.

Classification of Local Anesthetics

• Local anesthetics are categorized based on their chemical structure.
• Each class shares a common mechanism of action, primarily involving the inhibition of nerve impulse transmission.
• Below is the classification along with the mechanism of action for each class:

1. Benzoic Acid Derivatives

   • Mechanism of Action: Block sodium channels by binding to the intracellular portion of the channel, preventing depolarization and nerve impulse conduction.
   • Examples: Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine

2. Amino Benzoic Acid Derivatives

   • Mechanism of Action: Inhibit sodium ion influx by binding to sodium channels, thereby blocking nerve impulse transmission.
   • Examples: Benzocaine, Butamben, Procaine, Butacaine, Propoxycaine, Tetracaine, Benoxinate

3. Lidocaine/Anilide Derivatives

   • Mechanism of Action: Stabilize neuronal membranes by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, which inhibits the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
   • Examples: Lignocaine (Lidocaine), Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine

4. Miscellaneous

   • Mechanism of Action: Primarily block sodium channels to prevent the propagation of nerve impulses, with varying affinities and durations of action.
   • Examples: Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine

Here is a shortened version of the table:

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