Inflammatory Bowel and Bones Diseases, Cancer U-4 -

Unit IV focuses on the pathophysiology of digestive disorders, bone and joint diseases, and cancer, providing critical insights into these prevalent health conditions. It begins with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which involve chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The unit also addresses jaundice, a condition marked by yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin, and various types of hepatitis (A–F), which are viral infections causing liver inflammation. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease is covered, emphasizing liver damage from chronic alcohol consumption.

The unit then explores bone and joint disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition affecting joints; osteoporosis, characterized by decreased bone density; and gout, caused by uric acid crystal buildup in joints, leading to painful inflammation.

Furthermore, the unit introduces the principles of cancer, focusing on the classification, etiology, and pathogenesis of malignant diseases. It explains how genetic mutations, environmental factors, and cellular abnormalities contribute to cancer development and progression.

At FirstHope, we provide BPharm notes that are topic-wise, easy to understand, and designed strictly as per the AKTU and Other Universities, hence designed according to PCI syllabus.

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