Role of Pharmacognosy and Secondary Metabolites U-4 Notes

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Pharmacognosy in Various Systems of Medicine

  • Role of Pharmacognosy in Allopathy (Modern Medicine)
  • Traditional Systems of Medicine
  • Ayurveda
  • Unani Medicine
  • Siddha Medicine
  • Homeopathy
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
  • Introduction to Secondary Metabolites

Secondary Metabolites

  • Alkaloids & its Identification Tests
  • Glycosides & its Identification Tests
  • Flavonoids & its Identification Tests
  • Tannins & its Identification Tests
  • Volatile Oils & its Identification Tests
  • Resins & its Identification Test

Other Units of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 5
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 4th Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Medicinal Chemistry I

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Topic wise notes of:

Physical Pharmaceutics II

  • Colloidal dispersions
  • Rheology & Deformation of solids
  • Coarse dispersion
  • Micromeretics
  • Drug stability
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmacology I

  • Introduction to Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics & Drug Interaction
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system-1
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system-2
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

  • Stereo isomerism
  • Geometrical isomerism
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Heterocycles: Synthesis, Reactions & Uses
  • Reactions of synthetic importance
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Pharmacognosy in Various Medical Systems & Secondary Metabolites – Summary

Unit IV highlights the role of pharmacognosy across multiple medical systems, both modern and traditional. To begin with, it explores the integration of pharmacognosy in allopathic medicine, where natural products serve as the foundation for many modern drugs. It then transitions into traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Chinese medicine, explaining how herbal knowledge and plant-derived drugs are central to these practices. Pharmacognosy plays a vital role in validating, standardizing, and enhancing the efficacy of herbal remedies used in these systems.

Furthermore, the unit introduces secondary metabolites, which are non-essential but biologically active compounds produced by plants. These include alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils, and resins. The unit explains their definitions, classifications, and properties, as well as the chemical tests used for their identification.

Each class of secondary metabolites is discussed for its pharmacological relevance—such as alkaloids for analgesic effects, glycosides for cardiac activity, and flavonoids for antioxidant properties. These compounds form the backbone of many herbal formulations.

Overall, this unit emphasizes how pharmacognosy bridges ancient knowledge and modern science, while also offering practical skills for identifying and analyzing medicinal plant constituents.

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