Heterocyclic compounds u-3 Notes

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Heterocyclic compound

  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Classification of Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Nomenclature of Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Pyrrole
  • Pyrrole: Synthesis and Reactions
  • Furan
  • Furan: Synthesis and Reactions
  • Thiophene
  • Thiophene: Synthesis and Reactions
  • Aromaticity: Relative Stability of the π-System
  • Electrophilic Reactivity

Other Units of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 4
Unit 5
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 4th Semester

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Medicinal Chemistry I

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Physical Pharmaceutics II

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Pharmacology I

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Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry I

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Heterocyclic Compounds – Summary

Unit III focuses on the study of heterocyclic compounds, which are vital in medicinal chemistry due to their prevalence in bioactive molecules and pharmaceutical agents. The unit begins with the nomenclature and classification of heterocyclic compounds, providing a systematic approach to naming and grouping these cyclic structures that contain at least one atom other than carbon (typically nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur).

The unit emphasizes five-membered heterocycles—pyrrole, furan, and thiophene—which are among the simplest and most important aromatic heterocycles. Their synthesis is discussed through classical and modern methods, including the Paal-Knorr synthesis and other condensation reactions.

In addition, the chemical reactions of these compounds are explored, including electrophilic substitution, oxidation, and reduction reactions, with particular attention to their behavior under different conditions due to the presence of heteroatoms.

The unit also compares the relative aromaticity and reactivity of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. It explains how electron-donating or withdrawing properties of the heteroatoms influence the stability and reactivity of the ring systems.

Finally, the medicinal uses of these compounds and their derivatives are highlighted, demonstrating their importance in the design of drugs with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This unit forms a strong foundation in heterocyclic chemistry relevant to drug development.

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