Secondary Metabolites: Classification, Sources and Applications U-2 Notes
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Alkaloids
- Introduction to Alkaloids
Various Alkaloids
- Vinca
- Rauwolfia
- Belladonna
- Opium
Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids
- Introduction to Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids
- Lignans (Phenylpropanoids)
- Tea (Flavonoids)
- Ruta (Flavonoids)
Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids
- Introduction to Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids
- Liquorice (Triterpenoids)
- Dioscorea (Steroids)
- Digitalis (Cardiac Glycosides)
Volatile oils
- Introduction to Volatile Oils
- Mentha (Peppermint Oil)
- Clove (Clove Oil)
- Cinnamon (Cinnamon Oil)
- Fennel (Fennel Oil)
- Coriander (Coriander Oil)
Tannins
- Introduction to Tannins
- Catechu (Tannins)
- Pterocarpus (Tannins)
Resins
- Introduction to Resins
- Benzoin (Resin)
- Guggul (Resin)
- Ginger (Resin)
- Asafoetida (Resin)
- Myrrh (Resin)
- Colophony (Resin)
Glycosides
- Introduction to Glycosides
- Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides)
- Aloes (Anthraquinone Glycosides)
- Bitter Almond (Cyanogenic Glycosides)
Iridoids, Other Terpenoids & Naphthoquinones
- Introduction to Iridoids, Other Terpenoids & Naphthoquinones
- Gentian (Iridoids)
- Artemisia (Terpenoids)
- Taxus (Diterpenoids)
- Carotenoids (Other Terpenoids)
Other Units of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II
Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 5th Semester
Topic wise notes of:
Medicinal Chemistry II
- Anti-Histaminic & Anti-Neoplastic Agents
- Anti-Anginal & Diuretics
- Anti-Arrhythmic & Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agents
- Drugs on Endocrine System, Sexual Health, Corticosteroids
- Anti-Diabetic & Local Anaesthetic Agents
Topic wise notes of:
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
- Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945
- Schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act
- Medicinal Preparations, and Narcotic Regulations in India
- Drugs and Magic Remedies, Animal Ethics, Price Regulation
- Pharmaceutical Legislation, Ethics, and Legal Rights
Topic wise notes of:
Pharmacology II
- Pharmacology of Drugs
- Drugs on Cardiovascular & Urinary System
- Autocoids and Related Drugs
- Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Endocrine System
- Bioassay
Topic wise notes of:
Industrial Pharmacy I
- Pre-Formulation Studies
- Tablets & Liquid Orals
- Hard & Soft Gelatin Capsules, Pellets
- Parenteral Products & Ophthalmic preparations
- Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical Aerosols & Packaging Materials
Unit-II: Secondary Metabolites – Sources, Chemistry & Applications
This unit focuses on important secondary metabolites studied in B Pharma 6th semester notes, essential for AKTU pharmacy exams, GPAT, and NIPER preparation. These metabolites are derived from plants and possess significant therapeutic, chemical, and commercial value.
Alkaloids like Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, and Opium are nitrogen-containing compounds used for anticancer, antihypertensive, and analgesic treatments.
Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids such as Lignans, Tea, and Ruta have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Steroids, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides from Liquorice, Dioscorea, and Digitalis serve as cardiotonics and hormone precursors.
Volatile oils from Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, and Coriander are widely used for their aromatic, antiseptic, and carminative actions.
Tannins like Catechu and Pterocarpus exhibit astringent and antimicrobial effects.
Resins from Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Myrrh, and Asafoetida are valuable in Ayurveda for anti-inflammatory and expectorant benefits.
Glycosides such as Senna, Aloes, and Bitter Almond act as laxatives and flavoring agents.
Lastly, Iridoids and terpenoids like Gentian, Artemisia, Taxus, and Carotenoids offer anticancer, antimalarial, and digestive support.
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