Human Anatomy & Physiology Notes

Unit 1: Introduction to Human Body

Human Anatomy and Physiology Notes

Definition & Scope of Human Anatomy & Physiology Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology notes cover the structure and function of the human body, essential for B Pharma 1st semester notes.

Levels of Organization & Homeostasis

  • Levels: Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism.
  • Homeostasis: Maintains body balance (e.g., temperature, blood pressure).

Cell Structure & Function

  • Parts: Membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm.
  • Transport: Passive (diffusion) & active (endocytosis).
  • Signaling: Contact-dependent, paracrine, synaptic, endocrine.

Tissues in Human Anatomy

  • Epithelial: Covers body surfaces.
  • Muscular: Movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth).
  • Nervous: Signal transmission.
  • Connective: Support (bones, blood).

Unit 2: Integumentary & Skeletal System

Integumentary & Skeletal System

Skin Structure & Function

  • Layers: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
  • Functions: Protection, sensation, vitamin D synthesis.

Skeletal System (BPharma Notes)

  • Axial (skull, spine) & Appendicular (limbs, pelvis).
  • Functions: Support, protection, movement, blood formation.

Muscle & Joints

  • Muscle Contraction: Actin-myosin interaction, ATP, calcium.
  • Joints: Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial (movement types).

Unit 3: Blood & Lymphatic System in Human Anatomy & Physiology

Blood & Lymphatic System, Human Anatomy & Physiology Notes

Blood Composition & Functions

  • Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (oxygen transport, immunity, clotting).
  • Blood Groups (ABO, Rh): Important for transfusion.

Lymphatic System

  • Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus help in immunity and fluid balance.

Unit 4: Nervous System & Special Senses

Nervous System & Special Senses, Human Anatomy & Physiology Notes

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Notes

  • Somatic (voluntary) & Autonomic (involuntary: sympathetic, parasympathetic).
  • Spinal & Cranial Nerves (12 pairs).

Special Senses (Human Anatomy Notes)

  • Eye (vision disorders: cataract, myopia).
  • Ear (hearing, balance).
  • Nose & Tongue (smell, taste perception).

Unit 5: Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System, Human Anatomy & Physiology Notes

Heart & Blood Circulation

  • Heart Anatomy: Atria, ventricles, valves.
  • Blood Flow: Pulmonary & systemic circulation.

Blood Pressure & ECG

  • Regulation: Heart rate, vessel resistance, autonomic nervous system.
  • ECG: Monitors heart function (detects arrhythmia, heart attack).

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 1st Semester

Acid, Base & Buffers-Pharmaceutical inorganic Chemistry

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry

Scope and errors in pharmaceutical analysis I

Pharmaceutical Analysis

Dosage forms, Prescription & Posology in Pharmaceutics

Pharmaceutics I

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