Pharmaceutical Analysis I – B Pharma 1st Semester (AKTU & PCI Syllabus)

At FirstHope, we offer precise, exam-oriented notes aligned with the PCI-approved B Pharma syllabus. Unit I of Pharmaceutical Analysis introduces key concepts like concentration methods, standard solutions, and analytical errors. Therefore, a strong grasp of this unit is vital for semester success and exams like GPAT and NIPER.

Semisolid Dosage Forms Summary

Semisolid dosage forms are topical formulations applied to skin or mucous membranes for local or systemic effects.

Key Components:

• Definition – Intermediate between solid and liquid, used for external application.
• Classification – Ointments, creams, gels, pastes.
• Mechanism of Dermal Penetration – Drug absorption through the stratum corneum into deeper skin layers.
• Factors Influencing Penetration – Drug properties, skin condition, formulation base, and use of penetration enhancers.
• Preparation Methods:
  • Ointments – Fusion or incorporation methods.
  • Pastes – Mixing of high solid content with base.
  • Creams – Emulsification of oil and water phases.
  • Gels – Hydration of gelling agents.
• Excipients Used – Emollients, thickeners, preservatives, penetration enhancers.
• Evaluation Parameters – Viscosity, spreadability, drug content, skin irritation, pH, and consistency.