Reproductive System and Genetics Notes U-5
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Reproductive system
- Anatomy of male reproductive system
- Sperm (Spermatozoa)
- Anatomy of female reproductive system
- Breast (Mammary Gland)
- Sex hormone
- Physiology of menstruation
- Fertilization
- Spermatogenesis
- Oogenesis
- Pregnancy
- Parturition
Genetics
Other Units of Human Anatomy-II
Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 2nd Semester
Topic wise notes of:
Pathophysiology
- Cell injury & Inflammation U-1
- Cardiovascular, Renal System U-2
- Respiratory & Urinary system U-3
- Haematological Diseases U-4
- Bones Diseases, Cancer U-5

Topic wise notes of:
Biochemistry
- Biomolecules & Bioenergetics U-1
- Carbohydrate metabolism U-2
- Amino Acid Metabolism U-3
- Nucleic acid metabolism U-4
- Enzymes U-5
Reproductive System and Genetics – Summary
Unit V focuses on the reproductive system and genetics, offering a clear understanding of human reproduction and the fundamentals of heredity. To begin with, the unit explores the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, detailing the structure and roles of essential organs such as testes, ovaries, uterus, and associated glands.
Furthermore, it explains the functions of both reproductive systems, emphasizing their roles in gamete production, hormone regulation, and reproduction. The sex hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone, are discussed in relation to their physiological effects. In addition, the unit covers the physiology of menstruation, detailing the hormonal cycle that governs the female reproductive system.
The processes of fertilization, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis are thoroughly explained, showing how gametes are formed and how life begins at conception. Moreover, key stages of pregnancy and parturition (childbirth) are included to complete the overview of human reproduction.
Transitioning to genetics, the unit introduces the basic concepts of chromosomes, genes, and DNA, which serve as the blueprint of life. It also highlights the process of protein synthesis and explains the genetic patterns of inheritance, laying a foundation for understanding how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
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