Benzene and It’s Derivatives

• Benzene and its derivatives
• Evidence in the Derivation of the Structure of Benzene
• Orbital Picture of Benzene
• Resonance in Benzene
• Aromatic Character in Benzene
• Hückel’s Rule
• Reactions of Benzene
• Substituents on Benzene
• Raoult’s Law & Real Solutions

Important Chemical Structures

• DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
• Saccharin
• BHC (Benzene Hexachloride)
• Chloramine T

Other Units of Pharmaceutical organic chemistry II

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Pharmaceutical organic chemistry II

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Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 3rd Semester

Unit I Summary: Benzene and Its Derivatives

Unit I focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of benzene and its derivatives, which are fundamental in organic chemistry. It begins with the derivation of benzene’s structure, supported by analytical, synthetic, and theoretical evidence. The orbital structure and resonance stabilization of benzene are explained, establishing its aromatic character in accordance with Huckel’s rule.

The unit then explores the key electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene, including nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and acylation. The mechanisms, reactivity, and limitations of these reactions are discussed in detail.

It also examines the influence of substituents on the reactivity and orientation of monosubstituted benzene compounds, explaining how electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups affect electrophilic substitution patterns.

Lastly, the unit covers the structure and applications of important benzene derivatives such as DDT, Saccharin, BHC, and Chloramine, highlighting their significance in pharmaceuticals and industrial chemistry.

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