Drugs of Natural Origin: Plant, Marine, and Primary Metabolites U-5 Notes

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Plant Products

  • Fibers
  • Hallucinogens
  • Teratogens
  • Natural Allergens

Primary Metabolites

  • Primary Metabolites
  • Acacia (Gum Arabic)
  • Agar
  • Tragacanth
  • Honey

Proteins and Enzymes as Primary Metabolites

  • Gelatin
  • Casein

Proteolytic Enzymes

  • Papain
  • Bromelain
  • Serratiopeptidase
  • Urokinase
  • Streptokinase
  • Pepsin

Lipids as Primary Metabolites

  • Castor Oil
  • Chaulmoogra Oil
  • Wool Fat (Lanolin)
  • Beeswax

Marine Drugs

  • Marine Drugs: Novel Medicinal Agents from Marine Sources

Other Units of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 4th Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Medicinal Chemistry I

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Topic wise notes of:

Physical Pharmaceutics II

  • Colloidal dispersions
  • Rheology & Deformation of solids
  • Coarse dispersion
  • Micromeretics
  • Drug stability
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmacology I

  • Introduction to Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics & Drug Interaction
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system-1
  • Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system-2
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

  • Stereo isomerism
  • Geometrical isomerism
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Heterocycles: Synthesis, Reactions & Uses
  • Reactions of synthetic importance
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Drugs of Natural Origin and Primary Metabolites – Summary

Unit V focuses on the biological sources, chemical nature, and uses of various natural origin drugs, emphasizing their pharmaceutical importance. It begins with plant-derived products, particularly fibers such as cotton, jute, and hemp, which are used in pharmaceutical dressing and formulation.

The unit also introduces hallucinogens, teratogens, and natural allergens, highlighting their natural sources and physiological effects—either therapeutic or toxic. These substances are significant in understanding the complex bioactivity of natural products.

A major section is dedicated to primary metabolites, which are compounds essential for plant growth but also have important pharmaceutical applications. It provides a detailed study of their chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, and therapeutic and commercial utility.

For carbohydrates, examples include acacia, agar, tragacanth, and honey, widely used as binders, laxatives, or sweeteners. Under proteins and enzymes, the unit covers gelatin, casein, and several proteolytic enzymes like papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, and pepsin, which are crucial in digestive and anti-inflammatory therapies.

For lipids, examples like castor oil, chaulmoogra oil, wool fat, and beeswax are discussed for their roles in emulsions and ointments. The unit concludes with marine drugs, introducing novel therapeutic agents derived from marine organisms, showcasing the untapped potential of oceanic biodiversity in modern medicine.

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