Metabolic Pathways and Biogenesis of Secondary Metabolites [U-1]
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Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination
Basic Metabolic Pathways and Formation of Secondary Metabolites
- Shikimic Acid Pathway
- Acetate Pathway (Polyketide Pathway)
- Amino Acid Pathways
- Study of Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes in Biogenetic Studies
- Tracer Technique
Other Units of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II
Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 5th Semester
Topic wise notes of:
Medicinal Chemistry II
- Anti-Histaminic & Anti-Neoplastic Agents
- Anti-Anginal & Diuretics
- Anti-Arrhythmic & Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agents
- Drugs on Endocrine System, Sexual Health, Corticosteroids
- Anti-Diabetic & Local Anaesthetic Agents
Topic wise notes of:
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
- Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945
- Schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act
- Medicinal Preparations, and Narcotic Regulations in India
- Drugs and Magic Remedies, Animal Ethics, Price Regulation
- Pharmaceutical Legislation, Ethics, and Legal Rights
Topic wise notes of:
Pharmacology II
- Pharmacology of Drugs
- Drugs on Cardiovascular & Urinary System
- Autocoids and Related Drugs
- Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Endocrine System
- Bioassay
Topic wise notes of:
Industrial Pharmacy I
- Pre-Formulation Studies
- Tablets & Liquid Orals
- Hard & Soft Gelatin Capsules, Pellets
- Parenteral Products & Ophthalmic preparations
- Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical Aerosols & Packaging Materials
Unit I: Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination
1. Overview of Plant Metabolic Pathways
- Higher plants produce both primary and secondary metabolites.
- Secondary metabolites play crucial roles in defense and therapeutic applications.
- Major biosynthetic routes include:
- Shikimic Acid Pathway
- Acetate Pathway
- Amino Acid Pathway
2. Shikimic Acid Pathway
- Synthesizes aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
- Leads to the production of flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids.
3. Acetate Pathway
- Involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and polyketides.
- Forms phenols and terpenoids essential for pharmaceutical compounds.
4. Amino Acid Pathway
- Converts amino acids into complex secondary metabolites.
- Examples: alkaloids, non-protein amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides.
5. Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes in Biogenetic Studies
- Used as tracers to map metabolic flow.
- Helps identify intermediate products and biosynthesis sequences.
- Aids in understanding complex plant metabolic systems.
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