Metabolic Pathways and Biogenesis of Secondary Metabolites U-1 Notes

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Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination

  • Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination

Basic Metabolic Pathways and Formation of Secondary Metabolites

  • Shikimic Acid Pathway
  • Acetate Pathway (Polyketide Pathway)
  • Amino Acid Pathways
  • Study of Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes in Biogenetic Studies
  • Tracer Technique

Other Units of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II

Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry II

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 5th Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Medicinal Chemistry II

  • Anti-Histaminic & Anti-Neoplastic Agents
  • Anti-Anginal & Diuretics
  • Anti-Arrhythmic & Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agents
  • Drugs on Endocrine System, Sexual Health, Corticosteroids
  • Anti-Diabetic & Local Anaesthetic Agents
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Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

Topic wise notes of:

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

  • Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945
  • Schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act
  • Medicinal Preparations, and Narcotic Regulations in India
  • Drugs and Magic Remedies, Animal Ethics, Price Regulation
  • Pharmaceutical Legislation, Ethics, and Legal Rights
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmacology II

  • Pharmacology of Drugs
  • Drugs on Cardiovascular & Urinary System
  • Autocoids and Related Drugs
  • Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Endocrine System
  • Bioassay
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Topic wise notes of:

Industrial Pharmacy I

  • Pre-Formulation Studies
  • Tablets & Liquid Orals
  • Hard & Soft Gelatin Capsules, Pellets
  • Parenteral Products & Ophthalmic preparations
  • Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical Aerosols & Packaging Materials
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Unit I: Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination

1. Overview of Plant Metabolic Pathways

  • Higher plants produce both primary and secondary metabolites.
  • Secondary metabolites play crucial roles in defense and therapeutic applications.
  • Major biosynthetic routes include:
    • Shikimic Acid Pathway
    • Acetate Pathway
    • Amino Acid Pathway

2. Shikimic Acid Pathway

  • Synthesizes aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
  • Leads to the production of flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids.

3. Acetate Pathway

  • Involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and polyketides.
  • Forms phenols and terpenoids essential for pharmaceutical compounds.

4. Amino Acid Pathway

  • Converts amino acids into complex secondary metabolites.
  • Examples: alkaloids, non-protein amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides.

5. Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes in Biogenetic Studies

  • Used as tracers to map metabolic flow.
  • Helps identify intermediate products and biosynthesis sequences.
  • Aids in understanding complex plant metabolic systems.

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