Bitter Almond (Cyanogenic Glycosides)

General Introduction to Bitter Almond (Cyanogenic Glycosides):

• Bitter almond contains cyanogenic glycosides that release hydrocyanic acid upon enzymatic hydrolysis.
• It is used in small amounts for its flavoring and therapeutic effects but is toxic in high doses.

Synonyms of Bitter Almond (Cyanogenic Glycoside):

• Common name: Bitter Almond
• Scientific name: Prunus amygdalus var. amara
• Synonyms: Amygdalin, Cyanogenic almond

Biological Source:

• Derived from the seeds of Prunus amygdalus var. amara.

Family:

• Rosaceae

Composition:

• Major glycosides:
  • Amygdalin: The primary cyanogenic glycoside.
  • Prunasin: A related compound.
• Hydrolysis of amygdalin releases benzaldehyde (aromatic compound) and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) (toxic).

Chemistry & Chemical Classes:

• Chemical Class: Cyanogenic glycosides.
• Structure:
  • Amygdalin consists of a sugar moiety linked to a cyanohydrin.

Therapeutic Uses of Bitter Almond (Cyanogenic Glycoside):

• Expectorant: Small doses are used to treat coughs.
• Flavoring agent: Used in food and pharmaceutical products.

Commercial Applications:

• Bitter almond oil is used in perfumes, confectionery, and as a flavoring agent.

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