Properties of Aluminium Hydroxide Gel: White amorphous powder or gel Odorless and tasteless Insoluble in water Chemically stable and non-toxic Chemical formula: Al(OH)₃ Preparation of Aluminium Hydroxide Gel: Produced by reacting aluminum sulfate with sodium hydroxide. Chemical Reaction: $ 〖”Al” 〗_2 (〖”SO” 〗_4 )_3+6″NaOH”→2〖”Al(OH)” 〗_3+3〖”Na” 〗_(2〖”SO” 〗_4 )$ Aluminum hydroxide precipitates out and is then … Read more
Properties of Sodium Bicarbonate: White crystalline powder Odorless Soluble in water Slightly alkaline taste Decomposes at high temperatures Chemical formula: NaHCO₃ Preparation (Solvay Process): Prepared industrially by-passing carbon dioxide and ammonia through a concentrated sodium chloride (brine) solution. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates out and is then filtered, washed, and dried. Uses of Sodium Bicarbonate: As a … Read more
Introduction to Antacids: These are medications used to neutralize stomach acid, providing relief from symptoms like heartburn, indigestion, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They work by increasing the pH of stomach contents, alleviating discomfort and promoting healing of the esophagus and stomach lining. Mechanism of Action: Antacids neutralize excess hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. … Read more
Preparation of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid: Prepared by carefully adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to water in a volumetric flask. It is crucial to add acid to water slowly to prevent excessive heat release and splashing. Properties: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a strong, pungent odor. Strong acid, readily dissociating into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and … Read more
Introduction to Acidifiers Acidifiers, also known as acidulants, are substances that lower the pH of a solution, making it more acidic. They are used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture, for purposes such as flavor enhancement, preservation, and pH adjustment. They can be classified based on their origin, chemical nature, or function. Classification … Read more
Introduction to Gastrointestinal Agents Introduction to Gastrointestinal agents include are medications or substances used to treat various conditions and symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They target different parts of the digestive system, from the esophagus to the colon, addressing issues such as indigestion, acid reflux, constipation, and diarrhea. Types of Gastrointestinal Agents Antacids Function: … Read more
Zinc eugenol cement is a dental material made from zinc oxide and eugenol. It is known for its antibacterial, analgesic, and sedative properties and is commonly used in dentistry as a temporary restorative material. Although it is not a direct desensitizing agent, it helps alleviate discomfort associated with dental procedures. Properties Composition: Made of zinc … Read more
Sodium fluoride is Used in toothpaste and mouthwashes to strengthen enamel, protect against acid attacks, and reduce tooth sensitivity by blocking dentinal tubules. Properties Colorless, odorless, crystalline compound. Highly soluble in water. Has both desensitizing and anti-cavity properties. Preparation Produced by neutralizing hydrofluoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, followed by crystallization. Uses Toothpaste … Read more
Used Calcium carbonate as a desensitizing agent in toothpaste; forms a protective layer on teeth, sealing dentinal tubules and reducing sensitivity. Also serves as an abrasive agent to remove plaque and stains. Properties Naturally occurring compound. Odorless, tasteless, white crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water. Preparation Sourced from natural materials like limestone, marble, or chalk. … Read more
Desensitizing agents in dental products are designed to reduce or eliminate tooth sensitivity. This sensitivity arises when dentin, the porous tissue beneath the enamel, becomes exposed due to enamel wear, gum recession, or other factors, allowing stimuli to reach the nerves inside the tooth. Mechanism of Action Physical Occlusion of Dentinal Tubules: Ingredients like strontium … Read more
