Alpha Adrenergic Blockers inhibit the activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors (α1 and α2), leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. These drugs are commonly used for Alpha Adrenergic Blockers conditions such as hypertension, pheochromocytoma, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Classification: Alpha blockers are classified into non-selective and selective types: Non-Selective (α1 and α2 blockers) These block … Read more
Adrenergic antagonists (also called adrenergic blockers or adrenolytics) are agents that bind to adrenergic (adrenaline/noradrenaline) receptors but do not activate them. By blocking these receptors, they inhibit the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system’s actions. Classification of Adrenergic Antagonists They are broadly divided based on the types of adrenergic receptors they block: Alpha-adrenergic blockers (or α-blockers) Beta-adrenergic … Read more
Metaraminol is a sympathomimetic agent primarily used to treat acute hypotension (low blood pressure), especially during anesthesia or shock. It works by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which increases blood pressure. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃NO₂ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Directly stimulates α1 receptors → Vasoconstriction … Read more
Ephedrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and stimulant derived from the plant Ephedra. It acts as both a sympathomimetic agent and bronchodilator, stimulating the central nervous system by increasing the activity of norepinephrine. Medically, ephedrine is used to treat conditions such as hypotension, nasal congestion, and bronchospasm in asthma. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: … Read more
Propylhexedrine is a synthetic stimulant drug primarily used as a nasal decongestant. It is structurally related to amphetamines and works by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and congestion. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₅N Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Increases norepinephrine release from presynaptic nerve terminals. Mild dopamine release … Read more
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug commonly used as a nasal decongestant. It works by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and congestion. Chemically related to ephedrine, pseudoephedrine is often found in over-the-counter cold and allergy medications. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₅NO Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Indirectly increases norepinephrine … Read more
Hydroxyamphetamine is a pharmacological agent that stimulates the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis). It is commonly used in combination with tropicamide (as in the formulation Paremyd) to differentiate between preganglionic and postganglionic lesions in Horner’s syndrome. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃NO Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Increases … Read more
Triphelenamine Hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine known for its effectiveness in treating allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and cold symptoms. Structure of Triphelenamine Hydrochloride Triphelenamine features a tricyclic structure with three benzene rings fused together, connected to an ethylamine side chain. The hydrochloride salt enhances solubility. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₁₈N·HCl Mode of Action Blocks peripheral … Read more
Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine primarily used for the treatment of allergic conditions and cold-related symptoms. Structurally, it features two phenyl rings attached to a piperidine ring with a pyridine substitution, and its hydrochloride form enhances solubility. By acting as an H₁-receptor antagonist with anticholinergic properties, it effectively blocks the effects of histamine, providing … Read more
This article explains about Clemastine Fumarate, a first-generation antihistamine used for allergy relief, its actions, and therapeutic applications. Structure of Clemastine Fumarate Clemastine is a first-generation antihistamine featuring a piperidine ring substituted with a dibenzocycloheptene moiety. It forms a salt with fumaric acid to enhance stability. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₇NO₂·C₄H₆O₄ Mode of Action Blocks peripheral H₁ … Read more
