Types of Aerosol Systems vary by formulation, such as solution, suspension, or emulsion-based delivery mechanisms. Pharmaceutical aerosol systems vary based on formulation type, application route, and dose delivery mechanism. Types of Aerosol Systems: Liquefied Gas Systems Propellants: Hydrocarbons or nitrous oxide. Mechanism: Propellant evaporates to expel product. Uses: Hairsprays, deodorants. Compressed Gas Systems Propellants: Nitrogen, … Read more
The valves regulate the release of the formulation and ensures accurate dosing. Components of a Valve System: Valve Cup: Secures the valve to the container. Gasket: Prevents leakage and ensures a tight seal. Actuator: The part pressed by the user to release the product. Stem: Serves as the channel for the product to travel during … Read more
Clonidine is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It belongs to a class of drugs known as centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Clonidine works by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain, which reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₉H₉Cl₂N₃ Structure: Mechanism of Action … Read more
Definition of Container: The containers play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the aerosol system. The container house both the formulation and the propellant under pressure. The choice of container material depends on the nature of the product, the propellant, and the intended use. Types of Containers Materials Metal Container: Examples: Aluminum, Tin-plated … Read more
Methyldopa is an antihypertensive medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), especially during pregnancy. It is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that works by stimulating receptors in the brain to reduce sympathetic nerve signals, leading to a decrease in blood vessel constriction and heart rate, thereby lowering blood pressure. Chemical Structure & … Read more
Dopamine is a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, produced in the brain that plays a key role in regulating mood, motivation, reward, attention, and movement. It helps transmit signals between nerve cells and is involved in both physical and emotional responses. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₈H₁₁NO₂ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Dopamine acts on … Read more
Definition of Propellants: Propellants are the driving force behind aerosol delivery. They expel the drug and disperse it as a fine mist or foam. Types of Propellants: Liquefied Gas Propellant: Examples: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Hydrocarbons. Characteristics: These exist in equilibrium between liquid and gas phases inside the container. Advantages: Provide constant pressure. Compressed Gas … Read more
Definition of Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Pharmaceutical Aerosols are pressurized dosage forms that deliver medication as a fine mist, spray, or foam upon activation. The medication is dispersed in a suitable medium and propelled using compressed or liquefied gas. Pharmaceutical Aerosol ensure rapid drug action, targeted delivery, and minimal systemic side effects. Key Features: Deliver the drug … Read more
Definition of Sunscreens: Sunscreens are topical formulations that protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. Formulation Goals: Protection: Provide broad-spectrum protection against UV-A and UV-B radiation. Aesthetic Acceptability: Non-greasy, non-whitening, and cosmetically elegant. Stability: Maintain efficacy upon exposure to light, heat, and over time. Skin Compatibility: Minimize irritation and allergic reactions. Types of Sunscreens: Physical … Read more
Definition of Hair Dyes Hair Dyes are formulations designed to impart color to hair, either temporarily or permanently. Formulation Goals Effective Color Change: Ability to impart lasting and even hair color. Compatibility: Minimal damage to hair fibers and scalp. Oxidative Stability: For permanent dyes, proper oxidation processes are essential. Safety: Reduced allergenic and toxic potential. … Read more
