Industrial Production of Caffeine Source: Caffeine is naturally present in various plants, including coffee beans (Coffea species), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), kola nuts (Cola species, used in cola beverages), and cacao beans (Theobroma cacao). Extraction Process of Caffeine: Harvesting: Plant materials (e.g., coffee beans, tea leaves) are harvested and processed (roasted, dried). Extraction: Caffeine is … Read more
Industrial Production of Podophyllotoxin Source: Podophyllotoxin is a lignan extracted primarily from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species, such as Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple) and Podophyllum emodi. Extraction Process of Podophyllotoxin: Harvesting: Plant roots are harvested, cleaned, and dried. Extraction: Solvent extraction using alcohols like methanol or ethanol. Isolation: Liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic techniques (e.g., … Read more
Industrial Production of Atropine Source: Atropine is an alkaloid extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Datura stramonium, and Mandragora officinarum. Extraction Process of Atropine: Cultivation: Plants are cultivated under controlled conditions to optimize alkaloid content. Harvesting: Aerial parts are harvested, dried, and processed. Extraction: Alkaline extraction using solvents like … Read more
Industrial Production of Digoxin Source: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Extraction Process of Digoxin: Cultivation: lanata is cultivated, ensuring optimal growth conditions for maximum digoxins content. Harvesting: Leaves are harvested, dried, and processed. Extraction: Solvent extraction using alcohol or ether extracts the cardiac glycosides. Isolation: Techniques such as … Read more
Industrial Production of Diosgenin Source: Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin found in plants like Dioscorea species (wild yam) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek). Extraction Process: Harvesting: Plant parts (e.g., tubers) are harvested and dried. Extraction: Alkaline hydrolysis using solvents like ethanol or methanol breaks down saponins to release diosgenin. Isolation: Liquid-liquid extraction and solvent partitioning separate … Read more
Industrial Production of Artemisinin Source Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the sweet wormwood plant, Artemisia annua. Extraction Process: Cultivation: annua is cultivated under controlled conditions to optimize artemisinins yield. Harvesting: Leaves and flowering tops are harvested and dried. Extraction: Typically involves solvent extraction using hexane or ethanol. Isolation: Techniques such as column chromatography … Read more
Industrial Production of Sennoside Source: Sennosides are anthraquinone glycosides extracted mainly from plants of the genus Senna, such as Senna alexandrina and Senna obtusifolia. Extraction Process of Sennoside: Harvesting: Leaves and pods are harvested and dried. Extraction: Typically involves aqueous or alcoholic extraction to solubilize sennosides. Isolation: Techniques like liquid-liquid extraction and chromatography (e.g., silica … Read more
Forskolin: A labdane diterpene from Coleus forskolin, activates adenylate cyclase. Forskolin: Used in weight loss, glaucoma, and heart health research. Industrial Production of Forskolin Source: Forskolin is primarily extracted from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a member of the mint family. Extraction Process of Forskolin: Harvesting: Roots are harvested, cleaned, and dried. Extraction: The dried … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Glycyrrhetinic acid is derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root. It is the aglycone of glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin responsible for the sweet taste of licorice. Isolation Extraction: Alcoholic Extraction: Dried licorice root is powdered and extracted with ethanol or methanol to obtain the glycosides. Hydrolysis: Acid Hydrolysis: Glycyrrhizin is … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Podophyllotoxin Podophyllotoxin is extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (e.g., Podophyllum peltatum—Mayapple). It is a lignan with antiviral and anticancer properties. Isolation Extraction: Ethanolic or Methanolic Extraction: Dried Podophyllum roots are powdered and extracted with ethanol or methanol to obtain the resinous extract. Purification: Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Utilizing solvents … Read more
