This article talks about the key definitions in DPCO 2013 to understand important terms related to drug pricing regulation and pharmaceutical policies in India. Key Definitions in DPCO 2013 Scheduled Drug: A drug listed in Schedule I of DPCO, derived from the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). These drugs are subject to price control. … Read more
Coenzymes are small, organic molecules that bind to enzymes and are essential for their catalytic activity. Derived from vitamins, they act as carriers for chemical groups or electrons in enzymatic reactions. Structure and Examples of Coenzymes Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) Structure: Two nucleotides (adenine and nicotinamide) joined by phosphate groups. Function: Electron carrier in redox … Read more
This article explains about the regulations for performance of experiments on animals ensuring ethical practices and compliance with animal welfare laws. Rules for Performance of Experiments: Approval by CPCSEA: No experiments should be performed without obtaining prior approval from CPCSEA or IAEC. Purpose of Experiment: Experiments must be conducted only if: a) Scientific Justification is … Read more
This article explains about the legal rules for transfer and acquisition of animals for experiments ensuring ethical sourcing and compliance with CPCSEA norms. Rules for Transfer and Acquisition of Animals for Experiments: Source of Animals: Animals must be obtained only from registered breeders or recognized institutions. Transfer Conditions: Animals must be transferred in safe, humane … Read more
Explore the offences and penalties in the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 for acts of cruelty neglect or illegal use of animals. Offences under the Act: Cruelty to Animals: Overloading, beating, torturing, or killing animals. Neglect or Abandonment: Failure to provide food, water, or shelter. Illegal Experiments: Performing experiments without CPCSEA approval. Transport … Read more
Below we have described about the CPCSEA guidelines for breeding and stocking of animals ensuring ethical care housing and use of animals in research institutions. CPCSEA Guidelines for Breeding and Stocking of Animals The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) is a statutory body established under the Act … Read more
Therapeutic Applications of Enzymes and Isoenzymes refer to the use of naturally occurring or engineered enzymes and their isoforms (isoenzymes) in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases. These Therapeutic Applications include enzyme replacement therapies, clot dissolution, anti-inflammatory treatments, cancer therapy, and diagnostic biomarker Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT): Purpose: To compensate for deficient or malfunctioning … Read more
Below we have described about the main objectives of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 focused on protecting animals from harm and ensuring their welfare. Objectives of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 The Act has the following objectives: Prevent Cruelty and Suffering: Ensure animals are treated humanely and not subjected to unnecessary … Read more
This article explains about the key definitions under Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 Section 2 to understand important terms related to animal welfare law. Definitions Under Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 Key definitions provided in the Act include: Animal: Refers to any living creature other than a human being. This includes … Read more
Purpose of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC): The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) is responsible for monitoring and regulating the use of animals in scientific research and experiments. Composition of IAEC: Must consist of a minimum of 5 members, including: Chairperson (appointed by the institution). Biological Scientist (with expertise in animal research). Veterinarian (to oversee … Read more
