Ethanolamine Definition Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid used as a building block in the production of detergents, emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, and chemical intermediates. It acts as a weak base and is commonly found in cosmetic formulations, gas treatment, and corrosion inhibitors. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₇NO Molecular Structure: Consists of a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl … Read more
Qualitative test of Aliphatic amines can be distinguished as primary, secondary, or tertiary through various qualitative tests based on their solubility and reactivity. Below are the key tests used to identify the Qualitative test of Aliphatic amines and differentiate between these types of amines: Solubility Test Primary and Secondary Amines: Generally soluble in water and … Read more
Basicity of aliphatic amines Definition Basicity of aliphatic amines refers to their ability to accept protons due to the lone pair on nitrogen; it depends on alkyl groups and solvation effects. Basicity is a measure of a compound’s ability to accept protons (H⁺). In aliphatic amines, arises from the lone pair of electrons on the … Read more
Aliphatic amines chemical reactions exhibit versatile chemical reactivity due to the nucleophilic nature of the nitrogen atom, which contains a lone pair of electrons. Here are some key reactions involving aliphatic amines: Alkylation as aliphatic amines chemical reactions Process: Aliphatic amines react with alkyl halides to form secondary, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts. Reaction: … Read more
Aliphatic amines methods of preparation” refer to chemical processes like reduction of nitro compounds, alkylation of ammonia, and Gabriel synthesis to produce aliphatic amines. Aliphatic amines are organic compounds where an alkyl or cycloalkyl group is attached to one or more amino groups (-NH₂). Aliphatic amines methods of preparation can be primary (one carbon group), … Read more
Definition of Aliphatic Amines Aliphatic amines are organic compounds featuring a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, attached to alkyl or cycloalkyl groups. They belong to the broader category of amines, which are divided into aliphatic and aromatic amines based on the nature of the hydrocarbon group linked to the nitrogen. Classification Aliphatic … Read more
Definition of Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces Adsorptions at liquid interfaces involves the accumulation of molecules (adsorbates) at the boundary between two phases, reducing surface or interfacial tension. Mechanism of Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces Surface Activity: Molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions orient themselves at interfaces. Gibbs Adsorptions Isotherm: Describes the relationship between surface tension … Read more
Definition of Spreading Coefficient The spreading coefficient (S) indicates the ability of one liquid to spread over another. It is defined as: $S = \gamma_S – (\gamma_L + \gamma_{SL})$ where: γS is the surface tension of the sublayer liquid. γL is the surface tension of the spreading liquid. γSL is the interfacial tension between the … Read more
Surface Tensions Surface tension is the force per unit length existing at the interface between a liquid and a gas (usually air), arising from the imbalance of intermolecular forces at the surface layer of the liquid. Molecules at the surface experience a net inward force, leading to minimized surface area. Units: Dynes per centimetre (dyn/cm) … Read more
Definition of Surface Free Energy Surface Free Energies is the excess energies at the surfaces of a material compared to the bulk. It quantifies the work required to create a unit area of surface. Relationship with Surface Tension: Numerically equal to surface tension in liquids. Concepts of Surface Free Energy Thermodynamics: Surfaces free energy arises because … Read more
