Definition of Essential Drugs Concept Essential drugs (or essential medicines) are those that: Satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. Should be available at all times, in adequate amounts, appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality and affordable cost. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) First published in 1977 with 208 drugs. Updated … Read more
Membrane Transport of Drugs involves processes like passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis for drug movement across cell membranes. Membrane Transport of Drugs Understanding how drugs cross biological membranes is crucial to all processes of pharmacokinetics (ADME). Biological membranes are primarily lipid bilayers interspersed with proteins. Several mechanisms allow drugs to traverse these … Read more
Source of Drugs includes natural, synthetic, and biotechnological origins such as plants, animals, minerals, and microorganisms. Drugs can be obtained from various natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic, and biotechnological sources. 1. Natural Source of Drugs These are substances directly obtained from nature – plants, animals, microorganisms, or minerals. Plant Sources Many traditional and modern medicines originate from … Read more
Nature of Drugs refers to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of drugs that determine their action, effectiveness, and therapeutic use. Definition of a Drug: A drug is any substance (natural or synthetic) that, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Drugs are used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases. … Read more
Introduction to Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their sources, properties, mechanisms, therapeutic uses, and effects on living systems. Definition of Pharmacology Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals with the study of drugs, including their origin, nature, properties, actions, and effects on living organisms. It is primarily divided into two major branches: Pharmacodynamics … Read more
Casein is a milk protein used in food, pharma, and nutraceuticals for its high nutritional and functional value. Casein supports muscle growth, slow protein release, and is vital in dietary supplements and drug formulations. General Information Synonyms: Milk Protein Biological Source: Obtained from cow’s milk (80 percent of total milk protein). Family: Not applicable (Derived … Read more
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that lies at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology, with contributions from biochemistry, computational chemistry, and molecular biology. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry: Explores drug design, synthesis & action. It is a field dedicated to the discovery, development, and understanding of new substances that … Read more
Marine Drugs: Novel Medicinal Agents from Marine Sources offer unique bioactive compounds with therapeutic value. Marine Drugs: Novel Medicinal Agents from Marine Sources provide leads for cancer, infection, and inflammation treatments. Introduction The marine ecosystem, largely unexplored, harbors biologically active compounds with immense therapeutic potential. Adaptations to extreme environments have led marine organisms to produce … Read more
Beeswax protects skin, locks in moisture, and supports natural healing in cosmetic and medicinal uses. Beeswax is used in candles, ointments, lip balms, and polishes, valued for purity, texture, and versatility. General Information Synonyms: Cera Alba (White Beeswaxs), Cera Flava (Yellow Beeswaxs). Biological Source: Obtained from honeycomb of Apis mellifera (Honeybee). Family: Apidae. Geographical Source: … Read more
Chaulmoogra Oil aids in treating skin ailments like leprosy, eczema, and psoriasis naturally. Chaulmoogra Oil is valued for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. General Information Synonyms: Hydnocarpus Oil. Biological Source: Derived from seeds of Hydnocarpus wightiana and Hydnocarpus Karzai. Family: Flacourtiaceae. Geographical Source: Native to India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Macroscopical Characters of Chaulmoogra Oil … Read more
