Classification of Local Anesthetics is based on their chemical structure, mainly ester-linked and amide-linked agents, with differing duration and use. Classification of Local Anesthetics Local anesthetics are categorized based on their chemical structure. Each class shares a common mechanism of action, primarily involving the inhibition of nerve impulse transmission. Below is the classification along with … Read more
Local anesthetics are drugs that block nerve conduction at the site of administration, causing temporary loss of sensation without unconsciousness. Definition: Local anesthetics are medications that temporarily block sensation in a specific area of the body without affecting consciousness. They are commonly used during surgical, dental, and diagnostic procedures to prevent or relieve pain. Mechanism … Read more
SAR of Local anaesthesia SAR of Local Anaesthesia shows how lipophilic group, intermediate chain, and amine group influence potency, duration, and activity. Aromatic Group (Lipophilic End): Typically, a benzene ring, responsible for lipophilicity, enabling penetration of nerve cell membranes. Potency is proportional to lipid solubility, influencing membrane penetration. Intermediate Chain (Linker): Connects the aromatic group … Read more
Castor Oil promotes hair growth, moisturizes skin, and supports digestive health naturally. Castor Oil is widely used in cosmetics, medicines, and industrial applications for its healing properties. General Information of Castor Oil Synonyms: Oleum Palmae Christi, Ricinus Oil. Biological Source: Derived from seeds of Ricinus communis. Family: Euphorbiaceae. Geographical Source: Major producers: India, China, Brazil, … Read more
Pepsin is a gastric enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides for easier digestion. Pepsin plays a vital role in protein metabolism and overall digestive health in the stomach. General Information of Pepsin Synonyms: Peptic Enzyme, Digestive Protease. Biological Source: Extracted from the gastric mucosa of pigs (porcine pepsin) or cows. Family: Not applicable … Read more
Streptokinase dissolves blood clots by activating plasminogen, aiding in thrombolytic therapy. Streptokinase treats acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. General Information Synonyms: Streptococcal Plasminogen Activator. Biological Source: Derived from Streptococcus species (mainly Streptococcus pyogenes). Family: Streptococcaceae. Geographical Source: Produced in India, USA, China, Germany, Japan. Macroscopical Characters of Streptokinase Color: White to … Read more
Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme with strong anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Serratiopeptidase aids in reducing swelling, easing pain, and promoting faster tissue healing. General Information Synonyms: Serrapeptase, Serratiopeptidase Biological Source: Derived from Serratia marcescens (bacteria). Family: Enterobacteriaceae Geographical Source: Found in Japan, India, USA, China, Germany. Macroscopical Characters Color: White to off-white powder. Texture: Fine, … Read more
Urokinase is a thrombolytic enzyme used to dissolve blood clots and restore normal blood flow Urokinase treats pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and catheter clearance effectively. General Information of Urokinase Synonyms: Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA). Biological Source: Obtained from human kidney cells and urine. Family: Not applicable (human enzyme). Geographical Source: Produced in India, USA, … Read more
Bromelain is a natural enzyme from pineapple with anti-inflammatory, digestive, and wound-healing properties. Bromelain aids digestion, reduces swelling, supports immunity, and is applied in joint pain and sinusitis relief. General Information of Bromelain Synonyms: Pineapple enzyme Biological Source: Derived from the stem and fruit of Ananas comosus (Pineapple). Family: Bromeliaceae Geographical Source: Cultivated in Thailand, … Read more
Papain is a proteolytic enzyme from papaya latex used for protein digestion and wound healing. Papain aids in digestion, tenderizes meat, and is applied in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. General Information of Papain Synonyms: Papaya proteinase I Biological Source: Derived from the latex of unripe fruits of Carica papaya. Family: Caricaceae Geographical Source: Grown in India, … Read more
