Also known as Diabetes, diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronically high blood sugar levels. In this condition, the body cannot effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Symptoms Excessive urination Glucose present in urine Increased thirst Increased appetite Feeling weak and tired Causes Defects in insulin formation, secretion, or action Obesity and … Read more
Methimazole is an antithyroid drug used to manage hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone production. Structure of Methimazole Methimazole is an antithyroid drug with a thiourea structure, featuring a methyl group attached to the nitrogen of the thiourea moiety. Chemical Formula: C₄H₈N₂S Mode of Action Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Inhibition: Similar to propylthiouracil, methimazole inhibits thyroid peroxidase, … Read more
Propylthiouracil is an antithyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by blocking thyroid hormone synthesis. Structure of Propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil is an antithyroid drug with a thiouracil structure, featuring a propyl side chain attached to the uracil ring. Chemical Formula: C₅H₉N₃O₂S Mode of Action Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Inhibition: Blocks the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, preventing the iodination of … Read more
L-Thyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism by restoring normal metabolism and energy levels. Structure of L-Thyroxine It is also known as levothyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) with a tyrosine backbone and four iodine atoms. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₉I₄NO₄ Mode of Action Thyroid Hormone Replacement: Mimics endogenous … Read more
Thyroid hormones and the thyroid gland regulate metabolism, growth, and energy balance, playing a vital role in overall body function. The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in the body’s endocrine system. It produces thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential … Read more
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Thyroid and antithyroid drugs regulate thyroid hormone levels, treating disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid Gland and Hormones Thyroid Gland: Location: Front of the neck. Function: Regulates metabolism, growth, and development through hormone production. Primary Thyroid Hormones: Thyroxine (T4): Function: Increases metabolic rate, influences protein synthesis, and regulates growth. Triiodothyronine (T3): … Read more
Ayurveda is one of the oldest holistic healing systems, originating in India over 5,000 years ago. The term “Ayurveda” is derived from Sanskrit words: “Ayur” meaning life “Veda” meaning knowledge or science Ayurveda focuses on maintaining the balance of bodily functions through diet, lifestyle, herbal medicine, and spiritual practices. Principle The fundamental concept in Ayurveda … Read more
Traditional systems of medicine refer to healing practices that have been used for centuries in different cultures. Traditional Systems of Medicine are based on natural remedies, including plant-based medicines, minerals, and animal products, to treat diseases and maintain health. They follow holistic approaches that focus on restoring balance in the body rather than just treating … Read more
Role of Pharmacognosy in Allopathy (Modern Medicine) involves sourcing drugs from natural plants for therapeutic use. Pharmacognosy plays a crucial role in allopathy by contributing to drug discovery, development, and standardization of natural products. Many modern medicines are derived from natural sources, and pharmacognosy helps in identifying, extracting, and modifying bioactive compounds for therapeutic use. … Read more
Maintenance of in plant tissue culture ensures healthy growth, prevents contamination, and supports long-term research use. Maintenance of in plant tissue culture preserves explants under controlled light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. Inoculation and Aseptic Handling Work in a laminar flow cabinet to maintain sterility. Use sterile tools and techniques to transfer explants or subculture tissues. … Read more
