Triflupromazine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Triflupromazine blocks dopamine receptors, helping to manage symptoms of psychosis. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₉F₃N₂S Mechanism of Action: D2 antagonist, more potent than promazine Uses of Triflupromazine: Severe anxiety and psychosis Nausea/vomiting Side Effects of Triflupromazine: High sedation Orthostatic hypotension Moderate EPS risk
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride blocks dopamine receptors, offering sedative and antipsychotic properties. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride treats schizophrenia, nausea, and anxiety through its antipsychotic effects. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₁₉ClN₂S·HCl Mechanism of Action: Strong D2 receptor blocker (limbic system, basal ganglia) Also blocks α1-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histamine H1 receptors Therapeutic Uses: Schizophrenia Acute psychosis Severe agitation Intractable hiccups Nausea and vomiting … Read more
Promazine Hydrochloride is an antipsychotic that blocks dopamine receptors, reducing symptoms of psychosis. Promazine Hydrochloride treats psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, by calming agitation. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₂₀ClN₃S Mechanism of Action: D2 receptor antagonist Mild antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity Therapeutic Uses of Promazine Hydrochloride: Psychotic disorders Preoperative sedation Less potent than chlorpromazine Side Effects of Promazine Hydrochloride: … Read more
Definition of Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotics Agents (also known as neuroleptics) are drugs used to treat schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and related psychiatric conditions. Antipsychotic Agents modify dopamine and serotonin pathways to manage psychotic symptoms. They act primarily by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors, though newer agents affect serotonin and other receptors as well. Classification of Antipsychotic … Read more
Meprobamate acts on GABA receptors, producing sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects. It is used for short-term relief of anxiety and tension disorders. Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₈N₂O₄ Mechanism of Meprobamate: Enhances GABA-A receptor activity, similar to barbiturates. Also acts on spinal cord interneurons for muscle relaxant effect. Therapeutic Uses of Meprobamate: Anxiety (mild to moderate) Sedation … Read more
Paraldehyde is a central nervous system depressant, promoting sedation and muscle relaxation. It treats acute seizures and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂O₃ Mechanism of Action: CNS depressant: exact mechanism unclear. Possibly acts on GABA-A receptors and enhances inhibitory tone. Therapeutic Uses of Paraldehyde: Delirium tremens (alcohol withdrawal) Status epilepticus (historical use) Sedation (limited due … Read more
Ethchlorvynol acts on the CNS, enhancing inhibitory pathways to induce sleep and relaxation. It is used as a sedative-hypnotic for short-term relief of insomnia. Chemical Formula: C₇H₁₁ClO Mechanism of Action: CNS depressant with barbiturate-like action Potentiates GABA-mediated chloride currents Therapeutic Uses of Ethchlorvynol: Insomnia (short-term) Side Effects of Ethchlorvynol: Dizziness Euphoria Nausea Risk of dependence, … Read more
Intravenous (IV) Anesthetics induce rapid unconsciousness and are commonly used for surgical anesthesia induction. Intravenous (IV) Anesthetics Rapid onset (within seconds) Commonly used for induction of anesthesia Often followed by maintenance with inhalational agents Suitable for short procedures Important IV Agents Drug Mechanism Use Adverse Effects Propofol GABA-A agonist Induction, short procedures Hypotension, pain on … Read more
Seizures and Their Types refer to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, categorized into generalized, focal, and unknown onset seizures. What is a Seizure? A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness. Classification of Seizures Seizures are broadly classified into: Focal (Partial) … Read more
Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) are medications used to control and prevent seizures by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. Definition of Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDS): AEDs are used to suppress abnormal electrical activity in the brain associated with epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Classification of Anti-Epileptic Drugs Based on … Read more
