Infectious diseases Introduction

• Infectious Diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
• Infectious diseases can spread directly (e.g., person-to-person contact) or indirectly (e.g., through vectors like insects or contaminated surfaces).

Types of Pathogens

1. Bacteria: Cause diseases like tuberculosis and strep throat.
2. Viruses: Cause influenza, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19.
3. Fungi: Cause athlete’s foot and ringworm.
4. Parasites: Cause malaria and giardiasis.

Transmission Methods

1. Direct Contact: Physical interactions (e.g., STIs).
2. Indirect Contact: Contaminated surfaces or airborne particles.
3. Vector-Borne: Insects like mosquitoes and ticks.
4. Food and Water: Contaminated consumption (e.g., cholera).

Common Symptoms:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent fatigue
• Unrelated pain
• Skin changes
• Unusual lumps or swelling
• Difficulty swallowing
• Changes in bowel/bladder habits
• Persistent cough or hoarseness
• Unexplained bleeding or bruising

Diagnosis of Infectious diseases:

• Medical history and physical exams
• Laboratory tests: Blood tests, cultures, imaging, molecular diagnostics

Treatment Options:

• Medications:

  • Antibiotics for bacteria
  • Antivirals for viruses
  • Antifungals for fungi
  • Antiparasitics for parasites

• Supportive Care:

  • Symptom management, hydration, nutrition

Prevention Strategies for Infectious diseases:

• Vaccination: Protects against diseases like measles and influenza
• Hygiene: Regular handwashing and safe food practices
• Protective Measures: Insect repellent, safe sex, mask-wearing
• Quarantine/Isolation: Contain outbreaks

Public Health Measures

• Surveillance: Monitor disease spread
• Outbreak Control: Implement containment strategies
• Education: Inform the public on prevention and treatment

Thank you for reading from Firsthope's notes, don't forget to check YouTube videos!