Classification of the Peripheral nervous system

• Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System includes the somatic and autonomic systems, controlling voluntary and involuntary body functions.
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is one of the two major components of the nervous system, the other being the Central Nervous System (CNS).
• The PNS consists of all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.
• It connects the CNS to the limbs, organs, and skin, allowing for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System:

• The PNS is classified into two main parts based on their function:

1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

• Function: Controls voluntary movements and transmits sensory information to the CNS.
• Components:
  • Sensory (Afferent) Neurons:
    • Carry sensory information from sensory receptors (skin, muscles, joints, etc.) to the CNS.
  • Motor (Efferent) Neurons:
    • Transmit motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles, controlling voluntary movement.

2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

• Function: Regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and glandular activities.
• Components: The ANS is further subdivided into three branches:
  • Sympathetic Nervous System:
    • Prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses.
    • It increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood to muscles during stressful or emergency situations.
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System:
    • Promotes the “rest and digest” state.
    • It slows heart rate, increases digestion, and conserves energy by maintaining bodily functions during restful states.
  • Enteric Nervous System:
    • Often called the “second brain,” it regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal system.
    • It operates semi-independently but communicates with the CNS through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

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