Disorders of kidney

• Several kidney disorders can impair kidney function and overall health. Common kidney disorders include:

1. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

   • Cause: Sudden loss of kidney function due to factors like reduced blood flow, direct kidney damage, or urine flow blockage.
   • Key Points: Requires rapid intervention to prevent permanent damage.

2. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

   • Cause: Gradual loss of kidney function, often due to conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or glomerulonephritis.
   • Key Points: Can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

3. Glomerulonephritis

   • Cause: Inflammation of the glomeruli, often caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors.
   • Symptoms: Can lead to proteinuria (protein in urine), hematuria (blood in urine), and reduced kidney function.

4. Kidney Stones

   • Cause: Solid crystals formed from substances like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid in urine.
   • Symptoms: Severe pain, urinary obstruction, and infection.

5. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

   • Cause: A genetic disorder that causes numerous fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys.
   • Symptoms: Kidney enlargement, pain, and reduced kidney function.

6. Nephrotic Syndrome

   • Cause: High protein loss in urine, low protein in blood, high cholesterol, and swelling, caused by various kidney disorders such as diabetic nephropathy or minimal change disease.
   • Symptoms: Proteinuria, edema, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

7. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

   • Cause: Bacterial infections of the urinary system, which can affect the kidneys (pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis).
   • Key Points: If untreated, UTIs can lead to kidney damage.

8. Kidney Cancer

   • Cause: Most commonly renal cell carcinoma, originating in the renal tubules.
   • Key Points: Early detection and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis.

Maintaining proper kidney health is essential through a healthy lifestyle, regular checkups, and prompt treatment of any kidney-related issues to prevent further complications.

Thank you for reading from Firsthope's notes, don't forget to check YouTube videos!