Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄)

Preparation of Copper Sulfate:

• Copper sulfate can be prepared by:
  • Reacting copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid:
    • Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
  • Reacting copper oxide with dilute sulfuric acid:
    • CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

Properties of Copper Sulfate:

• Physical Appearance: Blue crystalline solid when hydrated (CuSO₄·5H₂O) and a white powder when anhydrous (CuSO₄).
• Solubility: Soluble in water, with a slightly acidic taste.
• Nature: Ionic compound.
• Melting Point: 110°C (230°F) for the pentahydrate form.
• Chemical Nature: Strong oxidizing agent, reactive with many reducing agents.

Uses

1. Fungicide and Algaecide: Used to control plant diseases and algae growth in water bodies.
2. Textile and Leather Industry: Used in dyeing and tanning processes.
3. Electroplating: Utilized in electroplating and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
4. Medical Use: Historically used as an emetic, but not recommended anymore due to high toxicity.

Storage

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight.
• Keep in a tightly closed container to minimize exposure to air and moisture.
• Store away from strong reducing agents, acids, and flammable materials to prevent chemical reactions.

Assay

• Method: Complexometric titration using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

• Procedure:

• 1. Prepare a standard EDTA solution of known concentration.
  2. Weigh a sample of copper sulfate and dissolve in distilled water.
  3. Add ammonium buffer to adjust the pH to around 9-10.
  4. Add a few drops of murexide indicator.
  5. Titrate with the standardized EDTA solution until the color changes from wine-red to blue-violet.
  6. Calculate the concentration of copper sulfate using the volume of EDTA used.

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