Defects in Coating refer to imperfections like peeling, cracking, or capping that affect tablet appearance or functionality. These result from formulation errors, equipment issues, or process deviations. It compromises product quality, stability, and patient acceptability. Several problems can occur during the process, affecting the tablet’s appearance, performance, and patient acceptability. Common Coating Defects: Capping: Partial … Read more
Diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes refer to the use of specific enzyme activity levels and the patterns of their isoforms (isoenzymes) In Diagnostic Applications body fluids such as blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid as biomarkers to diagnose, monitor, or assess the progression of diseases. Because enzymes and their isoenzymes are often organ-specific, their presence … Read more
Equipment for Tablet Coating is specialized machinery used to apply a protective or functional layer over tablets. It ensures uniform coating, improves appearance, and controls drug release. Equipment for Tablet Coating – Common types include coating pans, fluidized bed coaters, and automated spray systems, each designed to provide consistent and efficient coating under controlled conditions. … Read more
Regulation of enzymes through various mechanisms to ensure that biochemical reactions occur at the appropriate times and rates within a cell. Three primary methods is regulation of enzymes are enzyme induction and repression, and allosteric regulation. Enzyme Induction and Repression Enzyme Induction Definition: The process by which the synthesis of an enzyme is increased in response … Read more
Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that interact with enzymes to regulate their activities. They are vital for cellular control and pharmaceutical development of Enzyme Inhibitors, targeting specific enzymatic pathways to treat diseases. Inhibitors can be classified based on their reversibility and mode of action. Reversible Enzyme Inhibitors Reversible inhibitors temporarily bind to enzymes and are classified … Read more
Methods of Coating are essential in pharmaceutical and industrial processes for enhancing product quality and functionality. Methods of coating refer to various techniques used to apply a thin layer of material onto the surface of solids like tablets or granules to protect, mask taste, control release, or enhance appearance and stability in pharmaceutical and industrial … Read more
The Lineweaver-Burk plot, also known as the double-reciprocal plot, is a graphical representation used to determine important kinetic parameters of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, specifically the Michaelis constant (𝐾𝑚) and the maximum reaction velocity (𝑉max). Lineweaver-Burk Equation $\frac{1}{v} = \frac{K_m}{V_{\text{max}} [S]} + \frac{1}{V_{\text{max}}}$ Description: The Lineweaver-Burk plot, or the double reciprocal plot, graphs 1/v (reciprocal of … Read more
Get an introduction to the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act 1954 aimed at controlling misleading ads of drugs and promoting ethical medical claims. Purpose of the Act: The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 was enacted by the Government of India to: Regulate Advertisements related to drugs and magic remedies. Prohibit Misleading Claims … Read more
Formulation of Coating Composition starts with selecting polymers like HPMC or EC that form a stable, protective film. Formulation of Coating Composition uses water or organic solvents to dissolve coating materials. It includes plasticizers, opacifiers, and colorants to enhance flexibility, appearance, and functionality. The coating formulation includes: Polymer: Provides the structural matrix. Plasticizer: Adds flexibility … Read more
Film Coating Materials: Include polymers like HPMC, plasticizers, and colorants. Enteric Coating Materials: Contain cellulose acetate phthalate or methacrylic acid polymers for delayed release. It contains pigments and opacifiers to improve tablet appearance and protect light-sensitive drugs. Film-Forming Polymers Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate. Methacrylic polymers: Eudragit series. Enteric polymers: Cellulose acetate … Read more
