The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, is a cornerstone of cellular metabolism, pivotal in the breakdown and conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into usable energy. This cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells, where it serves the dual purpose of generating … Read more
Below we have described about the role and functions of the Narcotic and Psychotropic Consultative Committee NPCC in advising on drug control policies in India. Authorities and Officers Under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 1. Central Government Role: Oversees the national implementation and enforcement of the NDPS Act. Functions: Formulates national drug … Read more
Gluconeogenesis is a crucial metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, maintaining stable blood glucose levels during fasting, prolonged exercise, or low carbohydrate intake. It occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys. Gluconeogenesis Pathway Gluconeogenesis reverses most steps of glycolysis, except for three key steps where it uses unique enzymes: Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): … Read more
This article explains about the authorities and officers under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules and their role in drug law enforcement. The administration and enforcement of the NDPS Act involve various authorities and officers with distinct roles and responsibilities. Central Government Role: Oversees the overall implementation and enforcement of the NDPS … Read more
Below we have described about the key definitions under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules to understand terms related to narcotic control laws. Key terms as defined under the NDPS Act, 1985: Narcotic Drugs: Substances like opium, morphine, heroin, and other opiates, as well as synthetic narcotics. Psychotropic Substances: Substances that affect … Read more
Glycolysis is a pivotal biochemical pathway in the metabolism of glucose, leading to the production of pyruvate, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and operates under anaerobic conditions, meaning it does not require oxygen. This process plays a critical role in generating energy and precursor molecules … Read more
Carbohydrate metabolism involves the synthesis, breakdown, and transformation of carbohydrates, primarily for energy production. Let’s delve into the key stages of carbohydrate metabolism in a detailed and organized manner: Glycolysis Location: Cytoplasm of the cells Process: The conversion of glucose (a six-carbon molecule) into two molecules of pyruvate (three carbons each). Energy Yield: 2 ATP … Read more
Translation or Protein synthesis Definition Translation, or protein synthesis, is the process by which the genetic code contained within messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by ribosomes to produce specific proteins. Proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells … Read more
Inhibitors of Translation, the process of protein synthesis from mRNA, can be inhibited by various compounds that target specific components or stages of this process. These inhibitors are crucial in research for elucidating mechanisms of translation and serve as valuable antibiotics in medicine. However, their potential toxicity to eukaryotic cells necessitates careful management of their … Read more
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins. It is essentially the blueprint for how the sequences of nucleotides in DNA and RNA are converted into the amino acid sequences of proteins. Components of the Genetic Code Nucleotides: … Read more
