The solubility profile helps determine how a drug dissolves in bodily fluids, influencing its absorption and bioavailability. pKa, pH, and Log P are key parameters that affect a compound’s solubility profile and its formulation. pKa (Ionization Constant): Definition: The pH at which 50 Importance: Ionized drugs are more soluble in water, while unionized drugs have … Read more
The purity of the precipitate is essential in gravimetric analysis, as impurities can significantly affect the accuracy of results. Two common sources of impurities are co-precipitation and post-precipitation: 1. Co-precipitation: Co-precipitation occurs when impurities or other ions in the solution precipitate along with the target analyte during the precipitation process. This can happen due to: Surface … Read more
Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis involves precipitating Ba²⁺ as BaSO₄, filtering, drying, and weighing the insoluble precipitate to determine barium content. Steps for Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis: Sample Preparation: Weigh the sample containing barium ions (Ba²⁺) and dissolve in distilled water or dilute HCl. Filter the solution to … Read more
Diazotization titration, also known as diazo coupling titration, is a versatile and widely used method for the quantitative determination of primary aromatic amines. The technique is based on the reaction of aromatic amines with nitrous acid (HNO2) to form diazonium salts, which can further couple with suitable coupling agents to form highly colored azo compounds. … Read more
Gravimetric analysis of magnesium sulfate involves precipitating magnesium as magnesium ammonium phosphate and weighing the dried precipitate to determine magnesium content. Principle: Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method that determines the amount of an analyte based on its mass. The analyte is isolated, typically as a precipitate, which is then weighed to calculate the analyte’s … Read more
Offences and Penalties Under the Pharmacy Act 1948 The Pharmacy Act, 1948, outlines various offences and corresponding penalties to ensure adherence to professional standards and legal requirements. Common Offences: Practicing Without Registration: Engaging in pharmacy practice without registration. Misrepresentation: Providing false information during registration or on documents. Violation of Ethics: Unethical practices, such as accepting … Read more
Learn the process and requirements for registration of pharmacists under the Pharmacy Act 1948 to practice legally in India. Eligibility Criteria: Education: Recognized pharmacy degree (D.Pharm, B.Pharm, M.Pharm). Age: No strict age limit, but educational timelines must be met. Character: Good moral character and ethics. Nationality: Indian citizenship (foreign pharmacists may register under specific conditions). … Read more
Understand the role and structure of State and Joint State Pharmacy Councils in managing pharmacy registration and enforcing regulations. Constitution: Each state government constitutes a State Pharmacy Council. Membership typically includes: Elected pharmacists from the state. Nominees of the state government (representing the medical and pharmaceutical field). One member nominated by the State Medical Council. … Read more
Explore education regulations in pharmacy under the Pharmacy Act focusing on course standards approval process and regulatory guidelines. Educational Qualifications: Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm): 2 years (post-secondary) focusing on basic pharmaceutical sciences and dispensing. Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm): 4 years covering pharmaceutical sciences, including pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacy practice. Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharm): 2 … Read more
Understand the key objectives of Pharmacy Act 1948 aimed at regulating pharmacy education and ensuring ethical practice in the profession. The Pharmacy Act, 1948 was enacted to regulate the profession of pharmacy in India. Its primary objectives include: Standardization of Pharmacy Education and Practice: Ensure uniform standards in pharmacy education and training across the country. … Read more
