Classification of Complexometric Titrations is based on the type of metal ion determined, the titration method used, and the nature of the indicator or masking agents involved. Direct Titration in Classification of Complexometric Titrations: In this method, metal ions in the sample are titrated directly with a chelating agent, such as EDTA. The endpoint is … Read more
Introduction of Complexometric Titration: It is a volumetric analysis technique used to determine the concentration of metal ions by forming a complex with a chelating agent (titrant). It is commonly applied in fields such as chemistry, environmental science, and pharmaceutical analysis, particularly for quantifying metal ions, especially transition metals. Principle of Complexometric Titration: The titration … Read more
Particle size and shape are critical physical parameters in pre-formulation studies that significantly influence the behavior and performance of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Particle size and shape determine the surface area, flowability, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of a drug, making them critical factors in pre-formulation and product design. Particle Size: Definition: Refers to the diameter or … Read more
Physical Form: Crystalline vs. Amorphous State- crystalline is ordered, amorphous is disordered. Physical form: Crystalline vs. Amorphous state indicates whether a drug has an ordered (crystalline) or disordered (amorphous) molecular structure, influencing formulation. The physical form of a drug describes its structural arrangement at the molecular level, which directly affects its solubility, stability, and bioavailability. … Read more
Explore the functions and responsibilities of the Central Drugs Laboratory CDL in drug testing analysis and regulatory enforcement in India. Purpose: Acts as the premier testing and analytical facility for drugs and cosmetics in India. Functions of Central Drugs Laboratory: Quality Testing: Conducting rigorous tests to ensure that drugs and cosmetics meet the prescribed standards. … Read more
In pharmaceutical analysis, the estimation of sodium chloride (NaCl) can be done through precipitation titrations. Precipitation titrations are a type of volumetric analysis where a precipitating agent is added to the sample to cause the formation of a solid precipitate. The endpoint of the titration is reached when all of the analyte has reacted to … Read more
Learn about offences and penalties related to labeling and packing of drugs and cosmetics under Indian law and how to avoid legal violations. Non-compliance with labeling and packaging regulations can lead to serious repercussions to protect consumer interests. Common Offences: Mislabeling: Providing false or misleading information on the label. Omitting essential information like expiry date … Read more
Understand the role structure and functions of the Drugs Technical Advisory Board DTAB in shaping drug regulations and policies in India. Purpose: To provide expert advice and recommendations on various technical aspects related to drugs and cosmetics. Functions of Drugs Technical Advisory Board: Formulating Policies: Advising on policies for drug standards, safety, and efficacy. Reviewing … Read more
Check the list of permitted colors for drugs and cosmetics approved under Indian law to ensure safe and compliant product formulation. The Act specifies the colors that can be used in the labeling and packaging of drugs and cosmetics to prevent misleading consumers and ensure clarity. Permitted Colors: Primary Colors: Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black, … Read more
Explore specimen labels for drugs and cosmetics as per Indian regulations and understand proper format layout and mandatory labeling details. Specimen labels serve as templates illustrating the correct format and information required on drug and cosmetic labels. They ensure uniformity and compliance across all products. Features of Specimen Labels for Drugs and Cosmetics: Layout: Organized … Read more
